Panova  A. I.

The relevance of the topic. Automation of business processes of modern companies is aimed at ensuring that digital technologies perform certain tasks, usually implemented by a person. Thus, it is designed to simplify everyday work, saving people from simple and repetitive tasks that machines are capable of performing. Currently, in business management, it is possible to automate a significant part of the tasks, from posting on social networks to managing procurement procedures and scheduling meetings. Most existing jobs are forced to change under the influence of technologies such as artificial intelligence and robotization. This means that machines will replace a significant number of jobs. At the same time, they will also contribute to the emergence of new professions. In the context of the ongoing digital transformation of the economy, the appeal to the problem of automation of production and its impact on the structure of employment in modern socio-economic systems becomes particularly relevant. Goal. Study of the phenomenon of automation of modern business processes and analysis of the impact of these processes on the structure of employment. Methodology. In the process of developing research problems, we have systematic and situational approaches. The main methods of research were abstract-logical, monographic, economic-statistical, logical techniques of deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, and others. Results and conclusions. Automation of business processes of modern companies is aimed at ensuring that digital technologies perform certain tasks, usually implemented by a person. Most often, we are talking about repeated operations with little added value, the execution of which requires significant time. Currently, in business management, it is possible to automate a significant part of the tasks, from posting on social networks to managing procurement procedures and scheduling meetings. The impact of new technologies on the labor market is analyzed primarily in terms of creating or reducing jobs. According to the World Economic Forum, by 2025, automation of production will create at least 12 million more jobs than will be lost. This means that over the long term, automation will have a clear positive impact on public development. This conclusion has already been confirmed during the industrial revolution. In particular, in the United States between 1830 and 1900, the period of mass automation, the number of jobs in the textile industry quadrupled. Scope of application. Economic theory, theory of socio-economic development.

The relevance of the topic. Cities and economic development are inseparable. The entire world economic history, starting with the Industrial Revolution, convincingly proves this. No country has managed to ensure dynamic industrialization and high welfare without urbanization. The study of the relationship between the level of well-being (measured in GDP or per capita income) and the level of urbanization has been reflected in the works of many scientists. In the context of the ongoing intensification of urbanization processes, the appeal to the problem of the role of cities in ensuring the economic growth of modern socio-economic systems is of particular relevance. Goal. Research and generalization of the main theoretical approaches to the role of cities in ensuring economic growth: from classical interpretations to modern theories. Methodology. In the process of developing the research problems, we used dynamic and structural analysis, synthesis, and design of logic circuits. Results and conclusions. It is now evident that it is in cities that economic activity is concentrated. For example, in the US, 80 per cent of the population lives in megacities, which make up only 20 per cent of the country's land area, but which account for 90 per cent of national income. Concentration of markets, economies of scale, knowledge sharing, access to a wide range of goods and services, etc. are cited as explanations for what attracts people to cities. Leading theorists such as R. Lucas argue that high levels of human capital and knowledge diffusion are powerful factors in the formation of «urban agglomeration», attracting and incentivising innovators who then become the engines of urban growth. Other well-known scholars, such as T. Holmes, believe that the size of commodity markets and low transport costs are the main factor attracting business and labour resources to cities. According to some economists, the main explanation of the role of cities is the concentration of labour resources in them. This gives businesses access to skilled labour. There are other theories that argue that cities develop due to consumption rather than production. Different schools of economics form their own scientific approaches to the nature and role of cities in socio-economic development. Nevertheless, they all agree that there is a stable positive relationship between urban agglomeration and labour productivity. Scope of application. Economic theory, theory of social and economic development.