Sadygov E. A.

The relevance of the topic. The lack of specific recommendations on the design, assessment of the location of existing infrastructure elements and their operation indicates an insufficient amount of scientific research on this issue. This gap can be eliminated only on the basis of long-term field observations of the operation of forest strips, field roads, land boundaries, fields and their impact on the regulation of meltwater and stormwater runoff, as well as the actual development of erosion processes. Goal. Substantiation of the design of infrastructural elements - contour linear elements of the organization of arable land in the conditions of the complex relief of the Central Chernozem zone. Methodology. Monographic method, methods of comparative analysis. Results and conclusions. It is revealed that the system of infrastructural elements, such as the road network and protective forest strips, determines the main direction of soil treatment and the use of special anti-erosion agrotechnical measures. Only a scientifically based placement of linear elements of the territory organization will make it possible to more successfully address issues of surface runoff regulation by dividing large catchments into a network of artificial small ones and diverting residual runoff along the slope to safe places in the hydrographic network. Studies conducted on the distribution of arable land in small catchments, taking into account the shape of the slopes, have shown that the collecting (concave) shape of the slopes prevails on chernozems — 42.7 % of the total area of arable land. The ratio of arable land between expositions is of great importance for the design of anti-erosion measures. The data indicate that the northern slopes occupy 30.6 % of the concave slopes. There are significantly more washed-away soils on transversely scattering (convex) slopes, in contrast to transversely straight ones. Compared with neutral slopes, the intensity of soil washing on the southern slope increases by 1.05 times, and on the northern slope it decreases to 0.97. The contour organization of the territory involves the use of land, which takes into account not only the naturally formed configuration, but also the landscape structure of natural and anthropogenic complexes. This means that when developing ecological and landscape projects for the territorial organization of agricultural systems, infrastructure elements are placed - protective forest strips, field roads based on detailed consideration of the zonal factors of the Central Park, which will subsequently have a positive impact on the sustainability of the territory of agricultural organizations. When designing, it is necessary to take into account more fully the main factors that shape the processes of water erosion, such as exposure and slope shapes. The scope of application. The practice and economics of agricultural environmental management.

The relevance of the topic. The article examines the current state and possibilities of improving the efficiency of land use of small business entities. Indicators characterizing their current state and development prospects affect the country's food security. The food security of any country depends on the provision of food to the population and, accordingly, on the use of factors and resources of the production process, where the main and irreplaceable resource is land. Rational and efficient use of land resources is an integral part of any production process, which means the use of productive lands, as well as their reproduction, is the main element of state security policy. Goal. Based on the analysis of the functioning of small forms of management, develop measures to improve the efficiency of their land use. Any agricultural enterprise aims to obtain maximum profit while reducing the cost of production. But this cannot be achieved in the long term if you do not take care of soil fertility, rational use of each arable contour, and protect the land. That is, the priority areas for increasing the efficiency of agricultural production should include the formation of optimal land use of both small and large enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. Methodology. Methods of scientific knowledge (description, observation, analysis) were used. Results and conclusions. Among the main directions for increasing the efficiency of land use, it should be noted the increase in the reproductive processes of land and, as a consequence, the improvement of soil fertility, based on increasing the agroclimatic potential and reducing erosion potential, through the differentiated use of technogenic means of production, a more careful selection of breeds and varieties of agricultural crops adapted to the zonal conditions of the territory, including resistant to sudden temperature fluctuations; improvement of various approaches, techniques, methods and technologies, which together provide competitive advantages of land uses. Scope of application. Agro-industrial complex of the Voronezh region, rational use of land resources, economics of environmental management of small forms of management.

The relevance of the topic. Erosion assessment of the potential of the territory on a digital basis is of great importance in the conditions of adaptive farming. Goal. Development of recommendations for the formation of a digital platform for the erosion assessment of the natural potential of the territory Methodology. Economic-statistical and monographic methods, methods of logical and comparative analysis. Results and conclusions. A modern approach to determining the classes of potential erosion hazard of arable land from the runoff of meltwater and heavy rains is presented. The anti-erosion land management complex is a system of measures that should become the starting point for the arrangement of arable land for adaptive farming. The main role in preventing erosion is assigned to the anti-erosion organization of the territory, in the process of which conditions are created for the formation of soil-protective management of adaptive agriculture. The use of computational methods for assessing the potential erosion hazard of arable land, based on quantitative accounting of its determining factors, will increase the reliability of information and obtain a visual picture for territorial differentiation of use based on a cartogram of classes of potential erosion hazard of land. Cartographic differentiation of the erosion hazard of arable land determines the organizational and territorial nature of the anti-erosion placement of crop rotations. The cartogram of classes, built on a calculated basis, is a reliable foundation for digitalizing the solution of tasks for the protection of arable land, determining the nature of its use in the system of differentiated crop rotations, reliable device and reducing soil losses to the level of acceptable values. Scope of application. Practice and economics of agricultural land use.