Kokaev M. A.

Relevance of the topic. The role of border zones of the Russian Federation has changed significantly as a result of historical processes associated with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the strengthening of the regional nature of governance and the transition to a market economy. These events have formed new problems and prospects for regions located near the borders. Both old and new border territories, being full-fledged subjects of the federation, began to actively interact with neighboring regions and use their potential within the border zone. Recognizing the importance of such territories for economic growth, maintaining territorial integrity and ensuring national security, the state rightly made them the object of its regional policy. This contributed to an increase in the number of scientific studies aimed at studying the issues of their sustainable development and integration. Goal. To assess the interaction of border territories of the subjects of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan as countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. Methodology. The main methods of scientific knowledge were: economic and geographical analysis, cluster analysis, historical and institutional analysis. The information base of the study is based on the analysis of scientific works of authoritative Russian and foreign scientists and practitioners, the problems of which are the issues of theory and methodology of spatial development of territories, and also contain provisions, approaches and concepts that have become generally accepted in modern economic science and in regional economics. Results and conclusions. Border areas are located near the border of neighboring states, which creates favorable conditions for international relations, trade relations and cultural exchanges. The border between Russia and Kazakhstan is the longest continuous land border in the world, representing a unique case of a transparent border dividing two countries. The potential of this border zone for contacts and barrier functions depends on its natural conditions, infrastructure and demographic situation. The basis of economic cooperation is the revival of production and technological chains that were formed in Soviet times, many of which are related to the processing of Kazakh resources at Russian enterprises. Russian regions operating under this model demonstrate the highest volumes of trade with Kazakhstan and have made significant progress in developing the legal basis for cross-border partnership. However, the effectiveness of this cooperation is hampered by a number of problems, including narrow specialization, economic difficulties, lack of financial capacity for large investment projects, weak interaction between the parties and excessive centralization that limits local initiatives. Application. The sphere of regional economic cooperation.

The relevance of the topic. Border territories play an important role in the formation of a single economic space of a country, especially one as large and diverse as Russia. These regions have unique characteristics that make them strategically important for the state's economy. Goal. The purpose of presenting the characteristics of the border territories and their role in the single economic space of Russia is a comprehensive understanding of the importance of these regions for the sustainable socio-economic development of the country. Methodology. The following key scientific approaches were used: logical and process. The main methods of scientific knowledge were: economic and geographical analysis, cluster analysis, historical and institutional analysis. The information base of the research is based on the analysis of scientific works by reputable Russian and foreign scientists and practitioners, whose problems are the theory and methodology of spatial development of territories, and also contains provisions, approaches and concepts that have become generally accepted in modern economics and in regional economics. Results and conclusions. The border areas are located in close proximity to the borders of other countries, which makes them convenient for international cooperation, trade and cultural exchange. This can contribute to the development of cross-border business, tourism and logistics. Border regions often develop close economic relations with their neighbors. These can be joint projects, the supply of goods and services, the creation of free economic zones and customs unions. The development of transport infrastructure, including roads, railways, ports and airports, is a key factor for the successful functioning of the border regions. Well-developed infrastructure makes it possible to deliver goods and services across the border faster, reduce transport costs and increase the competitiveness of enterprises. Border territories are often influenced by the cultures of neighboring States, which creates a unique mix of traditions and customs. It promotes cultural exchange, tourism and the creation of joint cultural projects. There is often high labor mobility in border areas, as people can work both at home and abroad. This helps to support the region's economy and provide jobs. Due to their location, the border areas serve as the main entry and exit points for goods and services. They contribute to the development of foreign trade by providing access to international markets and creating opportunities for the export of Russian goods. The scope of application. The sphere of economic cooperation.