Солодухина О.И.

The relevance of the topic. In the context of global economic instability caused by geopolitical factors and sanctions restrictions, ensuring national economic security is of paramount importance for the Russian Federation. In the near future, the geopolitical risks and resulting transformations in the international trade system, as well as the sanctions measures envisaged by some States, will retain the status of key external factors affecting the domestic and foreign trade activities of the Russian Federation. Empirical evidence suggests that sanctions pressure has a significant impact on the structure and volume of Russia's foreign trade. Goal. Analysis of the state of economic security of the Russian Federation in the context of sanctions pressure. Methodology. The research is based on the application of a systematic approach, analysis of macroeconomic indicators, institutional factors and the geopolitical situation, which ensures a high level of scientific validity and reliability of the results obtained. Results and conclusions. The analysis shows that the sanctions measures have led to significant changes in the structure of trade flows. This resulted in a significant increase in the share of countries that did not join the sanctions regime, as well as drastic changes in export-import operations. The sanctions pressure, in turn, stimulated the intensification of domestic production and intensified the search for alternative trade channels. These processes can be described as adaptation mechanisms aimed at minimizing the negative effects of sanctions and ensuring economic sustainability under the sanctions regime. The scope of application. The research has scientific and practical significance for specialists in the field of international economics, economic theory and political economy. The results obtained can contribute to improving the competitiveness of the state at the global level.

The relevance of the topic. In the context of increasing sanctions pressure from the international community, the Russian Federation is developing and implementing comprehensive measures to ensure national economic security and sustainable economic development. One of the key areas of government policy in this area is the import substitution strategy, aimed at reducing dependence on imports and stimulating domestic production. This process requires a systematic approach and coordination of the efforts of various government agencies, business and the scientific community. Goal. A comprehensive analysis of the problems of implementing the import substitution strategy in the Russian Federation under unprecedented sanctions pressure. Methodology. The research is based on an integrative approach that includes a systemic and institutional analysis, as well as an assessment of potential risks. Results and conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, the key problems and challenges faced by the import substitution strategy in the Russian Federation have been identified. On the one hand, significant progress has been achieved in the development of domestic production in a number of sectors of the economy. On the other hand, there are significant challenges to the successful implementation of this strategy. One of the most important factors influencing the effectiveness of the import substitution strategy is government support. Under the conditions of sanctions pressure, the role of the state in supporting domestic producers is becoming particularly important. The scope of application. This research is of interest to specialists in the field of economic theory, political economy and import substitution. The results of this work may be in demand by government officials responsible for the development and implementation of measures aimed at supporting national producers, ensuring sustainable economic growth and increasing the country's competitiveness in the face of sanctions pressure.

The purpose of this work is to study the resource provision of investments in socially significant technological modernization of the Russian economy and to identify key areas of state influence on the implementation of effective modernization of production. Statistics show that the production capacity of the Russian economy is currently 60 % loaded, labor - 80 %, raw materials - 25 %, available scientific and technical potential - 10 %. It is necessary to move to a systemic economic policy, which should be built as a mixed strategy for the advanced growth of a new technological structure, dynamic development in areas with technological lag. This requires the adoption of a set of measures to concentrate resources and efforts in key areas of developing a new technological structure, enhancing the existing scientific and technical potential, importing advanced technologies and attracting foreign direct investment through tax incentives, infrastructure development and credit expansion.