Varshavsky K. A.

Relevance of the topic. Today, the problem of the functioning and development of special economic zones (hereinafter referred to as SEZs) is acute in the Russian Federation. The main problems in this area include high administrative barriers that make it difficult to do business in these areas, many regulatory requirements that deter potential investors, lack of infrastructure, low innovation activity, etc. Many special economic zones operate in traditional sectors and cannot attract modern technologies or develop startups. In such conditions, investments are more often directed to the purchase of foreign equipment, which is extremely difficult to implement in today's realities, and at the same time, this approach does not help attract domestic equipment manufacturers, increase local production and use traditional technologies. The development of a comprehensive development strategy and monitoring of the situation in special economic zones could help solve the above-mentioned problems. It is necessary to step up efforts to create a support system for investors, refocus on the development of innovations and high technologies, increase the level of education and training, etc. An integrated approach can help overcome existing obstacles and create competitive special economic zones in Russia. Goal. A systematic study of the special economic zones of the southern regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation to identify problems and promising areas of development of the national economy. Methodology. The research methodology is based on system and process approaches. In the course of the research, general scientific and special methods and methods of cognition were used: system analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, theoretical modeling, formal logical method, methods of constructing hypotheses, interpretation of legal concepts and normative legal acts. Results and conclusions. The authors carried out a systematic analysis of the functioning of free economic zones in the southern regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation (Orel, Kursk, Bryansk, Belgorod and Lipetsk regions). The scales, main residents, growth points are determined, problems and prospects for the development of special economic zones of the studied regions are identified. Each region demonstrates its strengths and weaknesses. The Orel region stands out for its high growth rate in industry, while the Bryansk Region focuses on the agricultural sector. At the same time, the Kursk, Lipetsk and Belgorod regions face difficulties in mining and agriculture, which may limit their economic growth. The investment attractiveness of regions depends on their ability to adapt to economic challenges and use their competitive advantages. Scope of application. The formulated provisions can be used by state and municipal authorities in the process of creating and developing the potential of free economic zones.