Suerkulov A.

The study of spatial dynamics remains a central focus of economic science due to deepening regional disparities and the transformation of the global economy under the influence of globalization and digitalization. Classical theories explaining the location of economic activity demonstrate their limitations in the new context, necessitating their synthesis with modern approaches of New Economic Geography and the consideration of the role of human capital, innovation, and institutional factors. Understanding the modern paradigm of spatial dynamics is an essential foundation for developing effective state regional policy aimed at ensuring sustainable and balanced territorial development. Purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of scientific views on spatial dynamics: from classical theories to the modern integrated concept, to systematize key research directions, and to identify the determining factors of spatial development in modern economic conditions. Methodology. The research is based on systemic and historical-economic approaches. The work employs methods of theoretical analysis and synthesis, the comparative method for contrasting classical and modern concepts, as well as the classification method for structuring key scientific trends within the modern paradigm of spatial dynamics. Results and conclusions. The study systematizes the evolution of theoretical views on spatial dynamics, identifying the limitations of classical models (Ricardo, Heckscher-Ohlin), such as the disregard for transport costs and spatial heterogeneity. The contribution of New Economic Geography (P. Krugman, M. Fujita, A. Venables) to understanding the role of agglomeration effects and increasing returns is defined. A holistic picture of the modern paradigm is formed, integrating economic-geographical, post-Fordist, institutional approaches, and the creative class concept. It is established that the key determinants of spatial development in modern conditions are innovative potential, the quality of human capital, the level of social capital development, and the degree of regional integration into global networks. Application area. The research results can be used by state and regional authorities in developing and adjusting spatial development strategies and regional policies.