Куликова Е.В.

The relevance of the topic. Intensive and often irrational use of land in agro-landscapes significantly increases the degree of anthropogenic load on the soil. Within the agro-landscape, there is a decrease in the level of soil fertility and a violation of the ecological sustainability of agrocenoses, in some cases there is an increase in the processes of land degradation. In the process of land management activities, organizational and territorial conditions are created for the rational use of arable land, within which it is necessary to replenish the elements of nutrition (N, P, K) to increase the humus content. One of the effective direct ways to ensure the balance of nutrients and organic matter is to apply organic fertilizers during the implementation of a set of agrotechnical measures. The article notes that by improving the technological processes for processing and applying organic fertilizer (using barley straw as an example) with the indigenous strain Humicola fuscoatra VNIISS 016, an accelerated transformation of organic matter and activation of humification processes are observed, which contribute to an increase in humus content in the soil. Purpose. Analysis of land use and development of proposals for improving technological processes of soil cultivation and application of organic fertilizers in order to increase fertility. Methodology. Monographic method, methods of comparative analysis. Results and conclusions. Based on the reliable positive results of the conducted research, we can recommend the use of an improved technological process of processing and applying such an organic fertilizer as barley straw when selecting methods for increasing the fertility of agricultural lands based on organic fertilizers. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the improved technology of straw processing and application for improving the fertility of agricultural lands can be used to increase the resistance of agroecosystems to anthropogenic loads, as well as to promote ecological farming, as it has proven to be effective in improving soil fertility. Scope of application. Practice and economics of agricultural environmental management.

The relevance of the topic. The earth occupies a special place among the material conditions necessary for human life. It is a great laboratory, an arsenal that delivers tools and tools, as well as a place for settlements, the basis of industry, transport, communications, etc. In agriculture, where the process of producing and obtaining a product is directly related to the level of soil fertility, its quality and nature of use, the land acts as an active factor. Land is the main means of production in agricultural production. Goal. To show the importance of land management design in carrying out work related to the conservation of land resources of our country. Methodology. The methods of scientific cognition (description, observation, analysis) are used. Results and conclusions. To preserve land as the main means of production, it is necessary to plan various activities on a scientific basis — on the basis of land management projects, in which a set of measures in engineering, agronomic and economic relations should be carefully justified. So, when designing, it is imperative to solve the following tasks: firstly, to pay priority attention to agricultural land and especially arable land; secondly, to develop a full range of anti–erosion measures; thirdly, all measures must have an economic justification. Well-developed land management projects will serve as a basis for the introduction of scientific achievements and best practices in combating soil erosion and the rational use of each hectare of land into production. The scope of application. Economics of environmental management, land management.

The relevance of the topic. Ensuring the sustainable development of the territorial space of the Voronezh Region, of course, while preserving the socio-economic potential should be based on preserving the ecological state of the environment. Goal. Analysis and further development of the network of specially protected natural territories by expanding the structure of the network of specially protected territories in order to maintain the sustainable development of the territorial space of the Voronezh region. Methodology. Methods of logical and comparative analysis of practices of forming a network of specially protected natural territories. Results and conclusions. The territory of the Voronezh Region is the agricultural breadbasket of the country, where open spaces predominate on which agricultural land is located. These are especially valuable lands that produce agricultural products. The analysis showed that for the Central Black Earth Zone, specially protected areas should occupy 10 percent of the territory, and currently they occupy 5.25 %. Despite this, it is not advisable to transfer land to specially protected natural areas on a large scale. The development of specially protected natural areas should be carried out by transferring various types of terrain and tracts into micro-reserves. The number and density of micro–orders directly depends on the specific climatic, soil, geobotanical and other features of the space. Sustainable development of the territory of the Voronezh Region by preserving landscape and agro-landscape diversity, expanding the structure of specially protected natural areas, introducing ecological and landscape design principles into the practice of space organization can play a significant role in maintaining the sustainable development of the Voronezh Region. Scope of application. Economics of environmental management and land use.

The relevance of the topic. Analysis of the territorial organization and production activities of small business forms is one of the key goals of the formation of rational and efficient land use. Goal . Recommendations on the territorial organization of small forms of management. Methodology. Economic - statistical and monographic methods, methods of logical and comparative analysis. Results and conclusions. The article shows the need for a detailed analysis of the production activities of small business entities, since they occupy a certain place in the economy of our country. And like any business entity working in the agricultural sector of the economy, they require study, analysis and elaboration of strategic directions of development. It is noted that further development of this sector of the economy is impossible without the formation of rational and efficient land use. Small forms of management have proved their competitiveness over the past three decades, which is especially important in modern conditions when the country needs stable production of agricultural products to ensure its food security, therefore it is necessary on the part of state and municipal authorities to create conditions for the formation of rational and effective land use of small forms of management. Scope of application. Practice and economics of agricultural land use.

Theme . Agrarian nature management, assessment of the natural environment of the Kursk region and its landscape ecological zoning. Topic. Reduction and elimination of negative natural phenomena based on the formation of agrarian nature management, namely the implementation of the entire system of environmental protection measures, including reducing the speed of dry winds and snowstorms, regulation of surface runoff. That, in general, will increase the anti erosion resistance of soils, and as a result, will contribute to an increase in crop yields. Objectives. To develop practical recommendations for the formation of agrarian nature management in the Kursk region in the context of the development of negative natural and anthropogenic processes. Methodology. Methods and techniques for comparative analysis of the existing natural and anthropogenic conditions of the territory of the Kursk region in the context of the formation of agrarian nature management. Results. Practical recommendations are proposed for the formation of agrarian nature management in the Kursk region based on the study of the conditions for the development of negative natural and anthropogenic processes on its territory. As part of this, an assessment of the natural environment, in terms of land and water resources, was carried out, and on its basis, a landscape ecological zoning of the territory of the Kursk region was developed. Applicat ionarea . Nature management and nature management economics. Conclusions. It was revealed that the topical method for optimizing the landscape ecological situation of the territory is a regional approach based on landscape ecological zoning, landscapetypological mapping and the establishment of the landscape ecological state of terrain types. In order to preserve and effectively use the natural resources of the Kursk region, it is necessary not only to introduce landscape reclamation techniques into the practice of nature management, but also to carry out a number of environmental measures. In the conditions of vastly vast arable lands, the mosaic nature of the territory is of particular importance, which can significantly diversify and enhance the stability of these territories, anti erosion resistance of soils and, as a result, will contribute to an increase in crop yields.

Currently, there is an urgent need to change the direction of development and the relationship between society and natural resources. It is necessary to reorient the interaction of society and nature from the path of extensive use of land and natural resources to the development and implementation of nature-like technologies or modeling sustainable landscapes on agricultural lands, and should also produce a rationing of anthropogenic impact on them, with these landscape models should provide public needs for food, and on the other hand, they supported the natural environment and resource s function of landscape-ecological natural systems. According to the results of the study, the article presents the improvement of the scientific and methodological foundations for the development of a model for the formation of a sustainable landscape in order to arrange the natural and technogenic complex, which will contribute to the sustainable development of the region.