LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS

Abstract

The relevance of the topic. The Voronezh Region is the most important subject of the Russian Federation, as it has significant land resources, fairly favorable natural and climatic conditions and highly fertile chernozems, the current state of which is undergoing serious changes, this is, first of all, land degradation. The process of soil degradation proceeds slowly over time, when soil losses do not exceed the rate of soil formation. Flushing and erosion of the soil leads to the formation of gullies and ravines on agricultural land, in the presence of which not only makes it difficult to cultivate land and use agricultural machinery, but also significant areas of arable land are withdrawn from agricultural circulation. Goal. Based on the analysis and assessment of the land use territory of agricultural enterprises of the Voronezh region, to identify the main causes of degradation of their arable lands and develop recommendations on the landscape and ecological arrangement of sustainable agricultural landscapes to prevent and eliminate negative consequences occurring in their ecosystems. Methodology. The methods of scientific cognition (description, observation, analysis) are used. Results and conclusions. Neglect of landscape and ecological features of arable lands in the construction of the territory of field agricultural landscapes leads to environmental consequences such as erosion, waterlogging, waterlogging of soils, etc. Soil erosion in the Voronezh region is one of the main negative natural processes that bring great danger to the main agricultural region of the Russian Federation, which has potentially rich arable resources. Against the background of agrarian transformations, the attitude towards land as a natural resource has deteriorated, negative natural processes are becoming more acute against its background, humus reserves are decreasing, there is a high man-made agricultural burden on arable lands everywhere, and in this regard, land fertility is deteriorating. Soil degradation in modern conditions is gaining accelerated development, which in the future poses a threat to the country's food security. Based on the review, study and analysis of scientific and methodological provisions on the landscape and ecological structure of the territory of arable lands in on-farm land management, the authors concluded that it is necessary to renovate the state on-farm land management, which will take into account the agrotechnological features of each working area, design differentiated crop rotations that protect land from degradation, preserve and reproduce the fertility of arable lands the formation of balanced adaptive agriculture. The scope of application. Agro-industrial complex of the Voronezh region, rational use of land resources, economics of environmental management, land degradation, the arrangement of the territory on a landscape-ecological basis.