трудовая миграция,
рынок труда,
кадровый дефицит,
регулирование занятости
Abstract
The relevance of the topic. The increasing shortage of labor in the Russian labor market, occurring against the background of a reduction in labor resources and in the absence of internal sources of replenishment, necessitates the involvement of external labor migrants. There is a need to transform migration flows, primarily by reducing the volume of low-skilled labor. But the solution to this problem should be based on improving the quality of forecasting the prospective need for personnel in the context of industries and territories, as well as qualification groups. It is necessary to develop a methodologically sound approach to determining the contribution of external labor migration to the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation as a whole and its individual subjects. In modern conditions, under the influence of a number of objective and subjective factors, the volume and directions of external labor migration have changed significantly, which necessitates a change in a number of approaches to labor market regulation. The article is devoted to the study of the prospects and risks of attracting external labor migrants to mitigate the personnel shortage in the Russian economy. The development and implementation of the proposed tools are possible based on the results of a comprehensive all-Russian study, which ideally should become a monitoring study. In addition, it requires a systematic solution to the problem of adaptation of foreign workers, which goes beyond labor migration. Goal. Substantiation of the need to clarify the scale of external labor migration, adjust and update the methodology of its statistical accounting to determine measures for effective labor market management. Methodology. A comprehensive study of the problems of external labor migration is possible based on the application of the methodology of interdisciplinary analysis. The use of principles and methods of such sciences as statistics, demography, economics, sociology, and law allowed us to identify the most significant issues: the accuracy and efficiency of migration accounting, the volume of shadow employment of foreigners in the territory of the Russian Federation, and the assessment of the effectiveness and economic feasibility of using the labor of foreign migrants. The methodology of quantitative and qualitative analysis was used to study them. The empirical base of the study was made up of data from the Federal State Statistics Service, publications in the media, and the results of sociological research. Results and conclusions. The author's position on the need to use the labor of external migrant workers is substantiated, which, along with increasing labor productivity, modernizing the personnel training system and other measures, will solve the problem of replenishing Russia's labor resources, mitigate the personnel hunger of the Russian economy. Significant amounts of shadow employment of foreign migrants have been proven. The necessity of changing the structure of flows of foreign labor migrants is argued. The results of the study confirm the urgent need to adjust migration policy and reform migration legislation. The scope of application. The results obtained are of interest to specialists in the field of labor market management, as well as those involved in the regulation of external labor migration.
