Институциональные эффекты и эффективность функционирования объектов инновационной инфраструктуры

Abstract

In the work an attempt was made to consider the objects of the innovation infrastructure as institutions, that is, the «rules of the game» for building relationships between various agents (entrepreneurs, the state, scientists and innovators). It was revealed the presence of institutional effects in the development of innovative infrastructure objects on the basis of a comparison of information on the dynamics and geographical distribution of various types of in- novation infrastructure. The study analyzed statistical data in the time and geographic sections of technology parks, industrial parks, innovative territorial clusters and small innovative enterprises with educational institutions of higher education. Institutional effects are definitely present in the process of development of innovative infrastructure objects, as other factors (for example, factors of the location of production forces) can not explain the significant differences in the quantitative characteristics of the objects of innovation infrastructure. It is shown that the evaluation of the effectiveness of the functioning of innovative infrastructure facilities is usually based on quantitative formal indicators. The objectivity of these indicators is significantly distorted due to the presence of institutional effects, including, inter alia, opportunistic behavior of agents, expressed in formal compliance with the requirements for the use of innovative infrastructure. To ensure the objectivity of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the objects of the innovation infrastructure, it is proposed to take into account the stage of the life cycle of the object of the innovation infrastructure. At the same time, as the statistical data on the functioning of objects accumulate, the range of methods used to evaluate effectiveness also expands. At the stage of maturity, it becomes possible to cross-compare the various objects of the innovation infrastructure by the effectiveness of their functioning for various agents.