Vol. 43 No. 4 (2018)

Article is devoted to questions of efficiency of use of the earth of agricultural purpose in a section of the legal forms which have developed in recent years in Central Chernozem region. After the collapse of the USSR, in the country there has come the deepest crisis, both in agriculture, and in all agro-industrial complex. There was a question of food security in the country. By the government it has been developed and adopted a number of programs, resolutions on holding a land reform. The key purpose facing all land users is a maximum exit ecologically of net production at a minimum of costs of her production, when maintaining fertility of the earth. An objective of this research to carry out the analysis of the land relations which have developed in TsChR, to reveal their positive and negative sides. In article it is noted that the agrarian reform directed to stabilization of the land relations in agriculture has yielded certain positive results.

The article reflects the actual problems of divergence of social and economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation, the tendency of population shrinking around large settlements that directly influence the development of small business in regional socio-economic systems. Not the ability to create attractive jobs in the regions, especially for young people, negatively affects the level of development of small businesses. The existing tendencies of uneven socioeconomic development of the regions led to the degradation of the village, and part of the urban population, their supply of labor, which is already a problem of economic and national security of the country.

In the work an attempt was made to consider the objects of the innovation infrastructure as institutions, that is, the «rules of the game» for building relationships between various agents (entrepreneurs, the state, scientists and innovators). It was revealed the presence of institutional effects in the development of innovative infrastructure objects on the basis of a comparison of information on the dynamics and geographical distribution of various types of in- novation infrastructure. The study analyzed statistical data in the time and geographic sections of technology parks, industrial parks, innovative territorial clusters and small innovative enterprises with educational institutions of higher education. Institutional effects are definitely present in the process of development of innovative infrastructure objects, as other factors (for example, factors of the location of production forces) can not explain the significant differences in the quantitative characteristics of the objects of innovation infrastructure. It is shown that the evaluation of the effectiveness of the functioning of innovative infrastructure facilities is usually based on quantitative formal indicators. The objectivity of these indicators is significantly distorted due to the presence of institutional effects, including, inter alia, opportunistic behavior of agents, expressed in formal compliance with the requirements for the use of innovative infrastructure. To ensure the objectivity of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the objects of the innovation infrastructure, it is proposed to take into account the stage of the life cycle of the object of the innovation infrastructure. At the same time, as the statistical data on the functioning of objects accumulate, the range of methods used to evaluate effectiveness also expands. At the stage of maturity, it becomes possible to cross-compare the various objects of the innovation infrastructure by the effectiveness of their functioning for various agents.

The article analyzes the possibility of implementing project management using information technology (it) in the public administration of the Russian Federation. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of the experience of the pilot regions of Russia in the implementation of the project approach in public administration. When implementing decisions on the implementation of the project management of the Bryansk region, it is proposed to link the activities of the regional project Under the government of the Bryansk region with the digital competence Center.

In article the system of key indicators of efficiency of achievement of food security of the Russian Federation as the systems of the interacting regions on the basis of the Sustainable development goals accepted by the United Nations General Assembly is offered.

In article the main directions of investment policy as component of financial policy of the region are investigated. As a result of consideration of investment climate, the interrelation of the concepts «investment activity» and «investment attractiveness» is established and also classification of investment risks by parameters is carried out, factors of inefficient regulation of investment activities are revealed.

In article methodical approach to assessment of the innovative environment is offered. Calculations on the basis of the panel estimates of a condition of the innovative environment are carried out. «the thermal card» of development of layers of an innovative pyramid is constructed and the categorization of territorial subjects of the Russian Federation of the target list on the level of development of the innovative environment is carried out.

Over the past years, the Voronezh Region has maintained a positive upward trend in ranking positions in quality of life. However, it should be noted that in rural areas negative phenomena have become aggravated and are progressing - unemployment, mass poverty, insufficient education, medical care, cultural, trade, personal services, social and psychological stress caused by the retreat from previously won positions, uncertainty about tomorrow and moral degradation. The current situation in rural areas in the social sector prevents economic capacity building and sustainable development of rural areas as well as the improvement of the investment attractiveness. A systematic approach is required to successfully meet the challenges mentioned above, the most important of which is the implementation of measures to improve the level and quality of life in rural areas.

Currently, there is an urgent need to change the direction of development and the relationship between society and natural resources. It is necessary to reorient the interaction of society and nature from the path of extensive use of land and natural resources to the development and implementation of nature-like technologies or modeling sustainable landscapes on agricultural lands, and should also produce a rationing of anthropogenic impact on them, with these landscape models should provide public needs for food, and on the other hand, they supported the natural environment and resource s function of landscape-ecological natural systems. According to the results of the study, the article presents the improvement of the scientific and methodological foundations for the development of a model for the formation of a sustainable landscape in order to arrange the natural and technogenic complex, which will contribute to the sustainable development of the region.

The concept of «strategy implementation mechanism» and the structure of its elements, the structure of the main blocks of the mechanism are analyzed.It is offered to define the strategy realization mechanism as system set of elements and tools, in relation to management of development of the municipal unit.The normative consolidation of functions on strategy implementation in the draft strategic document «strategy of social and economic development of the Voronezh city district until 2035» is investigated.

Within the Fourth industrial revolution not only the list of through technologies changes, but also thinking, methodological approaches to development of models and control systems of scientific and technological development are cardinally transformed. In article the review of models and control systems of development of breakthrough technologies is carried out.

The study addresses issues related to personnel policy in the system of state and municipal service. The main problems and trends in the development of personnel policy are given. Special attention is paid to the issues of professional training of workers. Based on the analysis of the problems of personnel policy in the work proposed measures for its improvement in the field of state and municipal management.

In modern conditions, regional economies are often faced with the problem of ensuring the necessary quality and level of training. With the minimum in recent years indicators of the labor market tension coefficient and the unemployment rate, the continuing professional-qualification and territorial disparities do not allow to ensure effective employment of the region’s population. The main purpose of the article is to show that one of the ways to solve the problem is to expand the practice of new, non - standard forms of employment. The calculations of perspective personnel needs of the Voronezh region presented in the article allow to determine the necessary measures of state regulation in the sphere of labor and employment of the population, as well as the volumes of professional training adequate to the needs of the economy.

The situation in the labor market is such that the process of erosion of standard employment, its displacement by non-standard forms has become irreversible and increasingly expanding. Under these conditions, the relevance of studies of various forms of non-standard employment and assessment of their impact on the socio-economic sphere (both positive and negative) increases. The authors believe that support measures need promising new forms of employment, the positive effect of which is not in doubt. These forms include freelance. In the course of the study, the degree of awareness of workers about non-standard forms of employment was determined, the level of remuneration of freelancers was assessed, and priority forms for starting work on the terms of freelancing were identified. The results of the research and generalization of the developments of other authors allowed to form an information base for recommendations on expanding the practice of freelancing.

The possibilities of using strategic maps in the implementation of project management in the practice of regulating the development of the regional health care system are explored. We consider the features of building strategic maps, the sequence of procedures for constructing strategic maps at the regional level.

The purpose of the article is to determine the dynamics of development of various educational subsystems in the regions of Russia. Discussion. To establish this dynamics, the regions are grouped according to a set of indicators characterizing the level of development of preschool, General, secondary special and higher education. Groups (virtual clusters) similar in level and character of development of their educational subsystems are formed. Cluster analysis showed that in the educational system of Russia there are five groups of regions. The differences in the first three groups are not so much quantitative as qualitative. The lag on the sum of the normalized values (quantitative) in two clusters - the outsiders. Results. It is established that the dynamics of development of various educational subsystems of the regions has both similar features and differ- ences. The indicators of pre-school education are aligned due to higher rates of development in the regions-outsiders. Indicators of development of secondary education have low positive dynamics. The dynamics of training of specialists of secondary education in all groups of regions is steadily declining. The number of students in higher education institutions is rapidly and steadily declining in all groups of regions.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current management system of the municipal formation on the example of the Voronezh city district, the role and position of the Council in the management system and suggests directions of management system improvement.

The emergence and disintegration of states in the modern world is still happening. At the same time, newly formed states often live without international recognition for decades, which greatly hinders their development. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the problems of state development and management in the unrecognized states of the post-Soviet space, which the authors carried out using the example of The DPR and The LPR. Firstly, these are problems related to the unrecognition of these states and the unresolved status of their international legal status. Secondly, they are connected with the fact that, in spite of the icing of the armed conflict with Ukraine, fighting continues, that affects the features of state and municipal government there. Thirdly, this is the problem of incomplete state-building. And fourth, the problem of disappointment of residents of The LDPR with their current situation. At the end of the article the authors wonder about the right course of development of Russia in respect of these republics - to recognize them, or give them to solve their problems.

The article analyzes the principle of separation of powers based on the analysis of the regional political system. It is noted that the separation of powers allows us to model and adjust scenarios for the optimal equilibrium state of the state political system. If the political system is stable and stable, therefore, it is possible to draw a conclusion about its equilibrium. The Russian political system maintains continuity and at the same time carries out modernization processes. In order to prevent the imbalance of the state system at the federal and regional levels, it is necessary to maintain a balance between the tradition of the development of Russian society and its democratization.

Management of structural transformations of the regional economy is an important condition for increasing its competitiveness. In the article the author conducts a comparative analysis of the structure of the regional economies of Voronezh, Lipetsk and Tambov regions and assesses the prospects of transformation. The analysis is based on statistical data and is carried out in several stages. At the first stage, the structure of GRP by types of economic activity for each object of the study was analyzed and it was found that in all regions there are no significant structural changes in GRP by types of economic activity, and «growth points»were identified. At the second stage, in order to assess the prospects of transformation of the structure of the regional economic system, the ratio of investments in fixed assets by economic activity and the structure of GRP was analyzed. At the third stage, the nature and degree of interrelations between the ongoing changes in the structure of the economy and the indicators of changes in the regional product based on the calculation of the growth elasticity index are revealed. As a result of the analysis, the most probable directions of transformation of the structure of regional economies are determined.

Automobile transport plays a large role in the economy of our country. This is the most rational market-oriented mode of transport, which currently accounts for the largest share of freight transportation among other modes of transport (rail, sea, air). Clear uninterrupted operation of road transport largely determines the sustainable operation of enterprises in the regions of the Russian Federation. Urban passenger transport involves the interaction of various types of transport in the process of providing services for the transportation of the population, has important economic and social importance and should provide the population with transport services efficiently and effectively.The article describes the state of urban passenger transport in the city of Voronezh, discusses the reasons for the specificity of urban bus transport, identifies the main problems that arise before private carriers, presents innovative projects based on foreign and domestic experience.

In modern conditions, the growth of motorization of society seriously increases the importance of road service, which, with its balanced development, has a great influence on the state and dynamics of transportation, the social development of roadside settlements, the develop- ment of their infrastructure, the tourist attractiveness of a particular area. The article identifies the uneven development of road service, due to the underestimation of the degree of satisfaction of the needs of vehicle users and the lack of monitoring, which aggravates the problem of conges- tion of road infrastructure and the formation of congestion in large population centers and federal highways. The necessity of coordinating the process of providing services, a more precise determi- nation of their composition, as well as ensuring their availability is substantiated As a result, the management of road infrastructure should be carried out at the regional level, and the basis for coordinating management decisions in this system can be monitoring of the state and development of road services.

The article considers the structure of the housing stock of the Russian Federation, presents the classification of the types of housing stock. The main components of the housing problem in the Russian Federation, the problematic situations of the housing stock, which are complex, are highlighted. The main tasks that should be addressed in the first place, with the achievement of effective development of the housing stock.

The article describes the investment attractiveness of the Voronezh region, analyzing the main macroeconomic indicators of the economy, studying the strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities for investment activities of the region.

Аnalysis of the historical development of land relations leads to the conclusion that the administration of territories is subject to general historical, social and economic laws. Land resources are a national wealth and the territorial basis of the economy, so the state is always determined by the shape and the main methods of forming land. The country's development of land relations should be consolidated into three main stages, each of which is characterized by various forms of ownership and management on earth, a form of payment for the land, and the limitations in the use and purchase of the property. At each stage of development of land relations revealed positive changes in land management. Thus, the appearance of the universal rights of private property, the development of forms of management, as well as the introduction of agricultural land turnover contributed to a significant rise in agricultural production in the end of XIX beginning of the XX century. Carried out an inventory of land, the establishment of the land cadastre and the considerable amount of work in the field of land reclamation and protection soil from erosion has been a positive legacy of the Soviet period. The positive moment of the modern period of land reforms associated with the variety of forms of management and forms of land ownership. The instability of land management has led to negative consequences such as reduced land fertility, the development of erosion processes and others. Therefore, there was an objective need to address the negative consequences of land reform and the formation of an effective land administration system.

Ensuring the innovative development of the region’s economy is currently an important task, the successful solution of which largely depends on the competitiveness of the region. Important in the innovative development of the economic system of the region is its labor potential. From its qualitative and quantitative characteristics depends on the ability of the regional system of innovation and implement them in the production process. In the article, the authors build a logical chain of dependencies between the various components of the labor potential of the region and the management effects on them in order to ensure the innovative development of the region. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the interdependence of the development of labor potential and innovative development of the region.

Cluster and correlation-regression analysis were used to analyze the state of industrial development of the Voronezh region. In the process of cluster analysis it was found that the Voronezh region is included in the group of middle-developed regions. Due to the industry specifics, the data characterizing the dynamics of the manufacturing industry of the Voronezh region and the region-representative of the cluster G - Vladimir region were used for compara- tive analysis. According to the results of the analysis, both regions have positive dynamics of the majority of indicators of development of the manufacturing industry: production volumes; average annual number of employees; value of fixed assets; investments; financial results. There is a decrease in the number of enterprises in the manufacturing industry in both regions. The sustain- ability of trends are varies.

The article provides a comparative description of points of view that reveal the essence and content of the effectiveness of state management of the region's economy. The author substantiates a theoretical and methodological approach to the study of the effectiveness of state management of the region's economy. The author's interpretation of its essence and content is proposed.

The article analyzes and evaluates the dynamics of receivables and creditors’ debt in various types of economic activity (using the example of the Voronezh Region). Dynamics was examined for the base and chain growth rates. The article analyzes various types of economic activity presented in the Voronezh Region, and also identifies leaders in the formation of receivables and payables.

The use of means of automatic fixation of traffic violations in places of traffic accidents’ concentration can improve the level of legal awareness and discipline of road users. Due to the functioning of the CRIS-Voronezh photo-video recording system in the region in 2012-2017, it was possible to achieve a steady reduction in the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences. However, in the work on the use of auto-commit violations of traffic rules during traffic supervision, a considerable number of outstanding issues has appeared affecting the efficiency of their use. These issues concern both the organizational and the regulatory characters. It is proposed to develop the concept of improving the system of automatic fixation of traffic violations for the further improvement of road safety on the territory of the Voronezh region.

The article reveals the results of the analysis of the peculiarities of legal support for the issues of planning and organizing additional professional education of municipal employees.

The article analyzes and compares two objects: the theoretical term «administrative agreement» and the agreements on cooperation concluded between the state authorities and The Russian Orthodox Church. In the first part of the article the main features of the administrative agreement are considered, its essence is determined. The second part of the article is devoted to the analysis of cooperation agreements between the state in the person of its bodies and the Church, highlights their features and correlates with the signs of administrative agreements.

The article describes the automating the process of solving inventive problems on the basis of mathematical modeling using wepol analysis. The possibility of using modern information technologies to create automated expert systems based on the presented mathematical methods to develop a general strategy for the development of new technical means is analyzed.

The land use of the Central Black Earth region is characterized by the fact that agriculture is carried out on sloping surfaces. In this regard, in order to reduce damage from the surface erosion and drift of roads by liquid and solid runoff from erosion watersheds, focal forest reclamation of slopes is carried out. Despite the significant costs of these types of work, they are quite effective. The study revealed that it is necessary to arrange the territory of the region to reduce and subsequently eliminate the degradation processes of sloping lands. These measures should be systematic, complex, and their composition and correlation should be directly dependent on the factors of degradation with an unconditional consideration of the natural - climatic and socio - economic conditions of the territory.