Vol. 1 No. 3 (70) (2025)

Relevance. The relevance of the topic under consideration is due to the high importance of creating effective mechanisms for implementing socio-economic policy at the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Given the current standard of living of the population, it is necessary to apply various approaches and methods to achieve sustainable development of territories and improve the standard of living of the population. Purpose. The objective of the work is to analyze various scientific approaches to the implementation of socio-economic policy in the regions of the Russian Federation. The economic-geographical, political-institutional, socio-economic, entropic and complex interdisciplinary approaches are considered. Their features, advantages and limitations are determined. Particular attention is paid to the need to combine these methods to form balanced strategies for the development of regions and improving the standard of living of the population, which necessitates the integration of several approaches to improve the effectiveness of regional policy. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of this study was formed by general scientific methods of cognition, as well as various scientific publications of domestic and foreign researchers. Results and conclusions. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the most effective in the realities of the current time is a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach, which involves the integration of various types of analysis. The practical implementation of regional policy should be based on the systematic use of all the approaches considered, adapted to the specifics of a particular region. Application area. The results of this study may be useful for educational institutions and organizations, as well as for specialists in the field of socio-economic policy in the regions of our country.

The relevance of the topic. The study is devoted to investment regional projects as tools for the development of a subject. Attracting large investors is currently a priority area of development, and each subject of the Russian Federation is interested in creating the most favorable conditions for their activities. The terminology related to investment activities is not fully specified today. The lack of clear definitions suggests that the issue of investment processes requires detailed study. Goal is to analyze regional projects as tools for the development of a subject. Methodology. In the process of studying the topic under consideration, such methods as analysis, synthesis, generalization, logical, as well as graphic methods of information processing were used. Results and conclusions. The study proposes a definition of an investment project, which, in the most general sense, should be understood as any financial investment that is subject to specific timeframes and goals in order to generate income, as well as the investment potential of a region, which refers to the inherent opportunities for regional development that are predetermined by a combination of socio-economic, geographical, infrastructural, innovative, administrative, natural-climatic, demographic, and political factors, and can be achieved through the creation of a favorable investment climate by minimizing investment risks. Investment projects are effective tools for the development of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which are easily adapted to the specific features of resource and economic potential. They help to eliminate the imbalance in the socioeconomic development of the country. Scope of application. Development of regional and sectoral economies.

The relevance of the topic. The article analyzes key risks and potential opportunities for implementing circular economy models in the socio-economic systems of the Russian Federation regions. The relevance of transitioning from a linear to a circular consumption model is substantiated. Regional features hindering and facilitating the successful implementation of circular principles are highlighted. The necessity of forming an institutional and regulatory framework focused on long-term sustainable development is emphasized. Goal. The research aims to identify and systematize risks and opportunities associated with applying circular economy models in Russian regions, as well as to develop adaptation recommendations considering regional specifics and contemporary challenges. Methodology. The study employs a comprehensive approach, including analysis of Russian and international scientific literature, regulatory documents, and empirical data on circular practices implementation in Russian regions. Comparative analysis, systematization, and synthesis methods were applied to formulate an author's definition of circular economy and identify key risks and opportunities. Results and conclusions. The analysis revealed major risks such as infrastructure and financial limitations, personnel shortages, and institutional gaps. Significant opportunities for enhancing economic efficiency, improving environmental conditions, and creating new jobs were identified. Practical recommendations to overcome barriers and adapt circular models considering regional specifics were developed. Scope of Application. The findings can be used by government authorities in developing sustainable development strategies, as well as by the business community in implementing environmental projects.

Relevance of the topic. Today, the problem of the functioning and development of special economic zones (hereinafter referred to as SEZs) is acute in the Russian Federation. The main problems in this area include high administrative barriers that make it difficult to do business in these areas, many regulatory requirements that deter potential investors, lack of infrastructure, low innovation activity, etc. Many special economic zones operate in traditional sectors and cannot attract modern technologies or develop startups. In such conditions, investments are more often directed to the purchase of foreign equipment, which is extremely difficult to implement in today's realities, and at the same time, this approach does not help attract domestic equipment manufacturers, increase local production and use traditional technologies. The development of a comprehensive development strategy and monitoring of the situation in special economic zones could help solve the above-mentioned problems. It is necessary to step up efforts to create a support system for investors, refocus on the development of innovations and high technologies, increase the level of education and training, etc. An integrated approach can help overcome existing obstacles and create competitive special economic zones in Russia. Goal. A systematic study of the special economic zones of the southern regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation to identify problems and promising areas of development of the national economy. Methodology. The research methodology is based on system and process approaches. In the course of the research, general scientific and special methods and methods of cognition were used: system analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, theoretical modeling, formal logical method, methods of constructing hypotheses, interpretation of legal concepts and normative legal acts. Results and conclusions. The authors carried out a systematic analysis of the functioning of free economic zones in the southern regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation (Orel, Kursk, Bryansk, Belgorod and Lipetsk regions). The scales, main residents, growth points are determined, problems and prospects for the development of special economic zones of the studied regions are identified. Each region demonstrates its strengths and weaknesses. The Orel region stands out for its high growth rate in industry, while the Bryansk Region focuses on the agricultural sector. At the same time, the Kursk, Lipetsk and Belgorod regions face difficulties in mining and agriculture, which may limit their economic growth. The investment attractiveness of regions depends on their ability to adapt to economic challenges and use their competitive advantages. Scope of application. The formulated provisions can be used by state and municipal authorities in the process of creating and developing the potential of free economic zones.

The relevance of the topic. The uncertainty of the situation on the geopolitical landscape caused by new threats and sanctions measures to put pressure on the Russian Federation, recession and stagnation in the world's leading economies, the formation of a new architecture of the global world order are objective prerequisites for the formation of new opportunities to ensure national economic security (Neb), the search for alternative vectors of socio-economic policy, adapted to the current negative external conditions, as well as their predictive limitations, which form a destabilization in the paradigm of general development. The article is devoted to the basics of strategizing in the formation of directions for ensuring the financial security of macroregions in the context of modern challenges and threats to Russia's economic security. Goal. The purpose of the study is to develop the main sections of the doctrine of financial security of macroregions as a document defining the vectors of economic security of the macroregion and national economic security in general. Methodology. The research methodology is based on the results of the existing scientific groundwork on the subject under consideration and the formation of the author's hypothesis based on the methods of critical analysis, systematic and integrated approaches, synthesis, detail, systematization, which allowed to substantiate the position of the authors. Results and conclusions. The approaches to the formation of the national economic security system are disclosed and its architecture is supplemented, in terms of allocating a separate level — the economic security of macroregions in accordance with the concept of spatial development of the Russian Federation and the need to integrate regulatory legal acts into a single system of legislative regulation of national economic development. The author's vision of the concept of «economic security of the macroregion» is presented, as well as the terminology for each of the proposed levels of the economic security system is clarified. The article presents a set of components that determine the economic security of a macroregion and reveals the role of financial security, which forms competitive conditions, not only for individual territories, but also for the economic sovereignty of the country. The scope of application. The preparation of the most important strategic document for the development of the macroregion — the doctrine of financial security of the macroregion — is proposed, the content of its main sections is disclosed, which can be used in the strategic planning system of individual territories to reduce the threat of inter-regional inequality. Clarifying the conceptual framework of the theory of economic security can be used by students, graduate students, and teachers of educational institutions when conducting research and in the process of work.

The relevance of the topic. In the context of global economic instability caused by geopolitical factors and sanctions restrictions, ensuring national economic security is of paramount importance for the Russian Federation. In the near future, the geopolitical risks and resulting transformations in the international trade system, as well as the sanctions measures envisaged by some States, will retain the status of key external factors affecting the domestic and foreign trade activities of the Russian Federation. Empirical evidence suggests that sanctions pressure has a significant impact on the structure and volume of Russia's foreign trade. Goal. Analysis of the state of economic security of the Russian Federation in the context of sanctions pressure. Methodology. The research is based on the application of a systematic approach, analysis of macroeconomic indicators, institutional factors and the geopolitical situation, which ensures a high level of scientific validity and reliability of the results obtained. Results and conclusions. The analysis shows that the sanctions measures have led to significant changes in the structure of trade flows. This resulted in a significant increase in the share of countries that did not join the sanctions regime, as well as drastic changes in export-import operations. The sanctions pressure, in turn, stimulated the intensification of domestic production and intensified the search for alternative trade channels. These processes can be described as adaptation mechanisms aimed at minimizing the negative effects of sanctions and ensuring economic sustainability under the sanctions regime. The scope of application. The research has scientific and practical significance for specialists in the field of international economics, economic theory and political economy. The results obtained can contribute to improving the competitiveness of the state at the global level.

The relevance of the topic. In the context of digitalization and the transition to an ecosystem-based business model, technological integration of regional industrial systems is becoming a key factor for competitiveness and sustainable development. Goal. To develop a methodological framework for assessing the level of technological integration of regional industrial systems using a multi-criteria approach. Methodology. The study applies systemic, cluster, institutional, and innovation-technological approaches. Methods include indicative analysis, benchmarking, network modeling, and composite index construction. Results and conclusions. A methodology for calculating an integral index of technological integration is proposed, based on four criteria: cooperation, innovativeness, digitalization, and synergy. The approach is shown to be applicable for diagnostics, monitoring, benchmarking of regions, identifying growth areas, and adjusting regional industrial and innovation policies. Scope of application. Evaluation of the effectiveness of regional innovation and cluster programs, and support for decision-making in industrial and digital policy.

The relevance of the topic. The implementation of economic and political reforms in the country, the democratization of state and public life, and the urgent need to address numerous social problems objectively require significant changes in the systems of public administration and local self-government. Today's rapidly changing social and market conditions compel government leadership to respond accordingly, making adjustments to their operations. However, this is impossible without improving the professional skills and personal qualities of managers, which necessitates personnel selection and ongoing training. Thus, the relevance of the study is determined by the orientation of state and municipal service bodies to ensure the effective implementation of personnel policy at the municipal level. Goal. To evaluate existing methods and tools for implementing personnel policy at the municipal level, as well as to identify effective ways for their further improvement. Methodology. The study is based on a systematic approach using statistical, comparative, logical and retrospective analysis. Results and conclusions. The study determined that staffing in state and municipal administration is an activity aimed at selecting professionally trained personnel for all government bodies capable of effectively fulfilling the tasks and functions of state and municipal bodies within the law and their official responsibilities under current conditions. It was also found that, under current conditions, the effectiveness of local government depends on the level of professionalism of municipal service employees. However, there is currently a shortage of qualified personnel in the municipal service, necessitating the development of a highly professional workforce capable of successfully addressing local issues. Proposals were formulated for developing existing and new methods and tools to ensure the implementation of personnel policies at the municipal level.

The formation of competitive advantages of individual single-industry municipalities is one of the priorities of their development, especially in the context of the data economy, when the digitalization of state and municipal services, processes and individual segments of the economy becomes necessary to ensure an appropriate standard of living for society in the conditions dictated by the data economy. In turn, solving the problem of digital inequality of territories forms the landscape of searching for new points of territorial development, accumulating unused reserves and searching for promising areas to ensure digital maturity, developing tools for interaction in the digital eco-environment, including implementing in practice a program-oriented approach to planning digital transformations within the territory to ensure its self-sufficiency, identifying new digital challenges and constructive mechanisms for overcoming digital fluctuations. The purpose of the study is to group factors that require a comprehensive assessment in the formation of territorial programs for the digital development of single-industry municipalities and to provide arguments for alternatives when approving digital development vectors. The research methodology consists in a predictive analysis of domestic experience in studying the digital trajectory of individual territories based on generally accepted research methods, such as induction, deduction, comparative analysis, critical analysis, synthesis, underlying a system-integrated methodology for the study of economic processes, which allowed a comprehensive approach to the study of the identified problem area. Results and conclusions. The structural elements of the national project are presented in order to achieve a common target and it is concluded that it is necessary to use the internal resources of the territories to form a competitive basis for their sustainable development. The article reveals the features of traditional municipalities and single-industry municipalities that influence cardinal digitalization and form technological opportunities for competitive advantages, building the trajectory of their strategic development and creating the basis for internal immunity. The groups of factors determining the level of susceptibility of single-industry municipalities to digital transformations are presented. The scope of application. The vectors of digital development of a single-industry municipality are proposed for the subsequent assessment of digitalization trends in a data economy, according to which it is assumed that a set of indicators will be formed for monitoring and planning digitalization trends.

The relevance of the topic. The relevance of the research topic is due to the diversity of methodological approaches to assessing digital transformation processes in the regions. The use of standardized analytical tools will allow regional executive authorities to carry out objective monitoring of digital transformation, provide the opportunity to conduct a comparative analysis between regions, identify and subsequently replicate the best practices of regional development. Goal. The aim of the work is to develop and test a methodological tool for assessing the digital transformation. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was formed by general scientific methods of cognition, as well as publications of leading regional scientists on the issues of assessing the digital transformation of regional economic development. Results and conclusions. As a result of the study, a methodology for assessing the digital transformation of a region was proposed and successfully tested. Growth points and barriers to regional economic development in the context of digital transformation were identified. The use of an integrated approach to assessment allows us to combine regions into groups by the level of digital development. Thus, the use of methodological tools ensures the formation of a scientifically sound basis for developing strategic decisions aimed at reducing interregional differentiation, targeting resource allocation and implementing targeted support measures taking into account the specifics of each selected group. Scope of application. The results of the study may be useful for regional executive authorities, as well as for specialized specialists, to develop recommendations for improving the effectiveness of regional economic policy in the context of digital transformation.

The relevance of the topic. The development of small business is one of the key strategic government objectives. In this context, the digitalization of small businesses is an important component of overall economic progress, requiring predictive analysis and assessment of the level of digital development. Goal. Statistical analysis of the comparative level of progress in the digitalization of small businesses. Methodology. System analysis, comparisons, induction, as well as tabular processing and visualization of research results. Results and conclusions. The work established that, in general, the implementation of digital technologies in small businesses is at the average level for the economy. A more detailed analysis established that the main application of digital technologies for small businesses is the leisure, entertainment, sports, culture sector, as well as the repair of personal and household goods. In other respects, including in the manufacturing industry, the level of digital development of small organizations is below average for all sectors of the economy. This is due to the predominant concentration of small businesses in Russia in trade. The study showed that the most technologically advanced small companies in digital terms are concentrated in the areas of providing repair services and providing leisure. Scope of application. Small business, the area of control and analysis of structural development of the economy and digitalization.

The relevance of the topic. The article examines the problem of ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation in the context of digitalization of the economy. Digitalization is becoming a key factor in economic growth and development, affecting the resilience of the economy to internal and external threats. Goal. The purpose of the study is to analyze the key indicators of digitalization of the Russian economy, identify their impact on economic security and suggest ways to overcome threats. Methodology. Research based on an indicative approach, including a comparison of actual values of indicators with established threshold levels. Data from official statistics and national programs, such as the national program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation», are used. Results and conclusions. An analysis of a number of key digitalization indicators was carried out, including investment activity, technological independence, cybersecurity and broadband Internet availability. Significant deviations from target values were identified, emphasizing the need to strengthen measures to strengthen economic security. The main problems include a low share of expenditure on research and development in the field of information technology, a high level of cybercrime and a lack of investment in innovative projects. Scope of application. The obtained results can be used to improve state policy in the field of digitalization, improve the regulatory environment and stimulate innovative activity of enterprises. They are important for developing effective measures to ensure sustainable development of the digital economy and increase the level of economic security of the country.

The relevance of the topic. The article is an original and new attempt to consider innovative development through the prism of the age structure of the elements of the national innovation system. Innovative development is studied from the perspective of the contradictions identified by the authors. At the same time, the identified paradoxes do not become a point of singularity, but serve as a basis for justifying management decisions with prospects for practical implementation. Along with the paradoxes of innovative development, the article raises the issue of the stereotypical behavior of the structural elements of the national innovation system, which is referred to as behavioral «mimicry». By criticizing «mimicry» as a stereotypical behavior observed in various age groups of participants in the national innovation system, the authors highlight the opportunities and threats of innovative development. These developments are used to justify the strategies of innovative development, which are formulated in the form of theses and explanations. The institutional environment for applying the authors' ideas is the cognitive-institutional transformation. The author's novelty lies in the identification and study of this phenomenon, as well as the introduction of the concept of «institutional order» into scientific discourse and the periodization of institutional orders characteristic of the 20th and early 19th centuries. Goal. Research on the paradoxes, stereotypes, and strategies of innovative development, taking into account the age characteristics of the holders of competencies related to the structural elements of the national innovation system, such as research and development organizations, universities, mass media, government and management bodies, drivers of innovative development, innovative infrastructure, and the entrepreneurial sector. Methodology. Methods of logical and comparative analysis, the method of analogies, methods of analysis and synthesis, empirical generalization, the monographic method, the interdisciplinary approach, and the ecosystem and structural approaches. Results and conclusions. Using logical research methods, the method of analogies, structural analysis, and dialectical and interdisciplinary approaches, and relying on theoretical concepts that form the paradigm of modern economics and management, the authors have attempted to scientifically substantiate the prospects for the effective realization of the potential of participants in the national innovation system, taking into account their status and the stereotypical behavior influenced by the dominant age group. Executive government bodies, corporate managers, and leaders of organizations in various sectors of the economy can and should use this information in the development of strategic plans, projects, programs, and recommendations. Scope of application. Economics, organization, and management of the national innovation system, ensuring innovative development, and realizing the innovative potential of the structural elements of the national innovation system in accordance with the current age characteristics of participants in innovative processes.

By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation № 312 dated March 9, 2022 «On the temporary introduction of a permissive procedure for the export of certain types of goods outside the Territory of the Russian Federation», until December 31, 2025, inclusive, a permissive procedure for the export of certain types of goods outside the territory of the Russian Federation to the territory of the EAEU member States was introduced. Foreign-made goods cannot be exported from Russia, and some goods can be exported with a separate permit. The list of goods prohibited for export includes more than 200 items, including technological, medical equipment and agricultural machinery. The purpose of the export ban is to protect the domestic market. The government is constantly making changes to the conditions under which the export ban operates. In this regard, the presented research acquires undoubted theoretical and practical significance. Goal. A systematic theoretical study of the permissive procedure for the export of certain types of goods outside the territory of the Russian Federation. Methodology. The methodological basis of the research was general scientific and special techniques and methods of cognition. The authors used methods of system analysis and synthesis, theoretical modeling, formal logical method, methods of constructing hypotheses, interpretation of legal concepts and regulatory legal acts, which made it possible to identify theoretical and applied problems of compliance with the permissive procedure for the export of certain types of goods outside the territory of the Russian Federation in the context of global challenges. Results and conclusions. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation № 891 of June 19, 2020 approved the Procedure for maintaining statistics on mutual trade in goods between the Russian Federation and the member States of the Eurasian Economic Union, in particular when goods are shipped by a Russian person from the Russian Federation on the territory of the member States of the Union. This Government Decree establishes the statistical form of accounting for the movement of goods (hereinafter referred to as the Statform) and the rules for filling out the Statform. The authors have established the absence of information in the Status Form about the export permit received is a potential violation of the Licensing Procedure on the part of the person who exported the goods. Administrative liability is provided for violations. Other problems of compliance with the permissive procedure for the export of goods have also been identified. The scope of application. The formulated theoretical provisions can be used in the framework of the law-making process in the EAEU, as well as applied in the course of practical activities of customs authorities and directly by participants in foreign economic activity.

The relevance of the topic. This article presents a system-dynamic model, the purpose of which is to form an algorithm for the rational use of natural resources. The main objective of the model described in the article is to develop an algorithm that makes it possible to evaluate key socio-economic and environmental indicators that characterize sustainable environmental management in the context of various scenarios of economic development. In addition, the model predicts the result of the effectiveness of management measures aimed at optimizing processes, resulting in an optimal system of strategic planning for rational use of natural resources. In the modern economic environment, where rational use of natural resources is a priority, it is impossible to make operational management decisions without a functional strategic planning system. Within the framework of modern approaches to strategic management, the use of simulation modeling as a method of analyzing and forecasting processes plays a key role. This method provides high accuracy and reliability in the study of strategic processes due to the possibility of modeling various conditions and scenarios of development. Goal. To develop theoretical and methodological provisions that reveal the features of simulation models in the context of strategic planning of regions. Methodology. Monographic method, simulation modeling, empirical generalization method, historical and logical approach, graphical method, system analysis, method of analogies. Results and conclusions. The use of simulation models in the context of strategic planning can be characterized as the use of a hybrid analysis tool similar to a simulator system for verifying and optimizing strategic decisions. An extended analysis of the simulation results and their economic interpretation make it possible to assess the effectiveness of strategies for using regional resources and timely assess the consequences of management decisions for managing the regional economy. The scope of application. Regional economy, environmental management economics, formation of a regional management system.

The relevance of the topic. In the context of increasing sanctions pressure from the international community, the Russian Federation is developing and implementing comprehensive measures to ensure national economic security and sustainable economic development. One of the key areas of government policy in this area is the import substitution strategy, aimed at reducing dependence on imports and stimulating domestic production. This process requires a systematic approach and coordination of the efforts of various government agencies, business and the scientific community. Goal. A comprehensive analysis of the problems of implementing the import substitution strategy in the Russian Federation under unprecedented sanctions pressure. Methodology. The research is based on an integrative approach that includes a systemic and institutional analysis, as well as an assessment of potential risks. Results and conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, the key problems and challenges faced by the import substitution strategy in the Russian Federation have been identified. On the one hand, significant progress has been achieved in the development of domestic production in a number of sectors of the economy. On the other hand, there are significant challenges to the successful implementation of this strategy. One of the most important factors influencing the effectiveness of the import substitution strategy is government support. Under the conditions of sanctions pressure, the role of the state in supporting domestic producers is becoming particularly important. The scope of application. This research is of interest to specialists in the field of economic theory, political economy and import substitution. The results of this work may be in demand by government officials responsible for the development and implementation of measures aimed at supporting national producers, ensuring sustainable economic growth and increasing the country's competitiveness in the face of sanctions pressure.

The relevance of the topic. Intensive and often irrational use of land in agro-landscapes significantly increases the degree of anthropogenic load on the soil. Within the agro-landscape, there is a decrease in the level of soil fertility and a violation of the ecological sustainability of agrocenoses, in some cases there is an increase in the processes of land degradation. In the process of land management activities, organizational and territorial conditions are created for the rational use of arable land, within which it is necessary to replenish the elements of nutrition (N, P, K) to increase the humus content. One of the effective direct ways to ensure the balance of nutrients and organic matter is to apply organic fertilizers during the implementation of a set of agrotechnical measures. The article notes that by improving the technological processes for processing and applying organic fertilizer (using barley straw as an example) with the indigenous strain Humicola fuscoatra VNIISS 016, an accelerated transformation of organic matter and activation of humification processes are observed, which contribute to an increase in humus content in the soil. Purpose. Analysis of land use and development of proposals for improving technological processes of soil cultivation and application of organic fertilizers in order to increase fertility. Methodology. Monographic method, methods of comparative analysis. Results and conclusions. Based on the reliable positive results of the conducted research, we can recommend the use of an improved technological process of processing and applying such an organic fertilizer as barley straw when selecting methods for increasing the fertility of agricultural lands based on organic fertilizers. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the improved technology of straw processing and application for improving the fertility of agricultural lands can be used to increase the resistance of agroecosystems to anthropogenic loads, as well as to promote ecological farming, as it has proven to be effective in improving soil fertility. Scope of application. Practice and economics of agricultural environmental management.

The relevance of the topic is due to the role of the unified Agricultural Tax (UST) as an important tool for supporting the agricultural sector, especially small business enterprises (sole proprietors and farms), which form the basis of rural areas and local production. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the differentiated impact of the special tax regime of the ESCN on the financial and economic performance and sustainability of agricultural organizations and small businesses in the agro-industrial complex of the Voronezh region. Methodology. Comparative analysis of the reporting data No. 5-ECHN for the Voronezh Region for 2021—2023, provided by the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation. Results and conclusions. The results obtained indicate the dual role of ECCS. For organizations, it serves as a stabilizer, allowing them to offset the decline in profitability through loss transfer (an increase of 87 %), but does not stimulate efficiency improvement. For sole proprietors and farms, the regime, on the one hand, increases operational flexibility, but on the other hand, it worsens the crisis: the accumulation of losses (up to 563.3 million rubles in 2023) leads to a reduction in the number of farms and an increase in fiscal losses. This poses a direct threat to the goals of agrarian policy: undermining budget revenues (especially regional ones) and reducing the small sector, which is the basis of rural employment. The reform of the ESCN, combining the retention of VAT exemption for small businesses with the right to targeted VAT refunds for modernization investments, will create a balanced system of fiscal support directly linked to increasing the technological maturity of small businesses. The scope of application. The agricultural sector of the region's economy.

The relevance of the topic. The current institutional environment in the Russian business environment provides various opportunities for the development of the entrepreneurship institution, primarily through the involvement of young people in business. To start your own business, you need an adequate entrepreneurial idea that can determine the success of your business. Goal. Identifying the main trends in the formation and promotion of entrepreneurial ideas for implementing youth startups in small businesses. Methodology. This work uses various research methods: bibliographic, graphical, and information systematization and generalization. The work is based on the results of research by various authors on the subject matter, published in leading journals, official statistics, and rankings on the subject matter, as well as the authors' own conclusions. Results and conclusions. The article identifies the main areas of youth startups and the geography of their presence in 2022—2024. The work examines the range of entrepreneurial ideas that can become the basis for a successful business, and identifies trends in the development of entrepreneurial ideas based on franchises. The proposed work presents activities that promote the development of entrepreneurial competencies among young people (including schoolchildren). Scope of application. The results of this study can be used as recommendations for developing optional courses that promote the development of entrepreneurial competencies among young people (listeners, students, schoolchildren, and other interested parties).

The relevance of research. The need to rethink approaches to state regulation of migration processes in the context of a growing imbalance between the needs of the economy of resource-producing regions of the Russian Federation and limited opportunities for the reproduction of their labor resources. Of particular importance is the study of the transformation of regulatory mechanisms in the context of the specific challenges of resource-producing territories, where intensive migration, on the one hand, compensates for the shortage of labor in key industries (oil and gas, transport, construction), and on the other hand, generates persistent structural imbalances in the labor market and the social sphere. In this regard, it is necessary to develop new scientifically based approaches to optimizing migration policy aimed at achieving a balance between operational economic needs (meeting human resources needs) and long-term socio-demographic stability, while minimizing the associated socio-economic risks. Goal. Conducting a comprehensive analysis of regional mechanisms of state regulation of migration processes, identifying patterns and directions of evolution of state mechanisms for regulating labor migration, ensuring a balanced replenishment of the shortage of labor resources for the northern regions of the Russian Federation. Methodology. The study uses methods of statistical analysis of migration flow data and regulatory analysis of the legislative framework for state regulation of labor migration in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. Results and conclusions. Based on the analysis of statistical data for 2020—2024, regulatory documents at the regional and federal levels, it has been established that migration processes in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra are characterized by a steady trend towards the predominance of temporary labor migration, mainly focused on the needs of the oil and gas sector. It has been revealed that the current mechanisms of state regulation, despite their formal compliance with legislative requirements, demonstrate limited effectiveness in ensuring a balanced regional labor market and minimizing social costs associated with high labor mobility. The results obtained indicate the need to improve the quota system for foreign labor and create an interdepartmental coordination mechanism to ensure consistency of decisions at the federal, regional and corporate levels of government, as well as to develop a unified methodology for monitoring the effectiveness of regulatory impacts, providing a comparable assessment of results at all levels of migration management, improving the system for monitoring the current needs of the economy in labor resources. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its findings to adjust strategic documents for federal and regional development and optimize mechanisms for managing migration processes in the autonomous okrug. The scope of application. The sphere of state regulation of migration processes and human resource management at the regional level. The results of the study can be used by: state authorities in shaping the migration policy of the region; municipalities in developing programs for socio-economic development; the scientific community for further research in the field of regional human resource management.

Relevance of the topic. The movement of the international labor force is the relocation of the able-bodied population from one country to another for a period of more than a year. It is caused by economic and other reasons, and can take either the form of emigration (departure) or immigration (entry). Labor migration leads to an equalization of wage levels in different countries. The result of migration may be that the total volume of global production increases due to more productive use of labor resources due to redistribution between countries. Goal. Systematization of labor migration processes in the context of globalization. Methodology.The methodological basis of the research is represented by system analysis and synthesis. Results and conclusions. There are a certain number of traditional practices for regulating migration flows both from the outside and from the inside. The most common methods are quotas, stricter or looser requirements for migrants (language skills, proficiency in a particular profession, knowledge of the laws of the country), visa regime, repatriation programs. Russia's place in the international labor movement is twofold. On the one hand, due to its Soviet heritage, Russia is a powerful center of attraction for migrant workers from Central Asia and the former Soviet republics. On the other hand, highly qualified specialists, academics, and engineers are actively leaving Russia to work in other countries. Despite the advanced state of international labor migration, there are acute problems such as the oppression and exploitation of workers, the lack of protection for migrants at the legislative level, the dependence of countries' economies on remittances from abroad, and the loss of highly qualified personnel. Scope of application. The sphere of the global economy.

The relevance of the topic. According to experts, in the general format of tourism development in Russia, the most promising type is gastronomic tourism, the growth rate of which demonstrates a high level of dynamics. Gastrotourism is an effective tool for promoting territories in the context of socio-economic development, increasing their competitiveness and investment attractiveness. In this regard, the need to study the marketing aspects of the implementation of a regional policy for the development of gastrotourism seems obvious. The purpose of the study. A systematic assessment of the effectiveness of regional policies for the development of gastronomy in the context of promoting regions as gastronomic destinations. Methodology. In the course of the research, methods of analysis and synthesis, systematic and empirical analysis, critical evaluation, tabular and graphical interpretation of data were used. The scope of application. Regional practices of developing territories as gastronomic destinations using marketing management tools. Results and conclusions. In the course of the research, the factors determining the effectiveness of regional policies for the development of gastrotourism are systematized. The authors analyzed the activities to support gastrotourism at the federal and regional levels. The article presents the results of the implementation of federal measures and initiatives to stimulate gastronomic tourism in the Russian Federation. A study of the regional specifics of supporting gastronomy has been conducted according to the following criteria: the presence of management structures for the tourism industry, programs to support gastronomy, digital and traditional marketing tools to promote the region as a gastronomic destination, and marketing of gastronomy projects. The development of gastrodestinations is hampered by a lack of tourist accommodation facilities, modern restaurants and cafes, investments in the development of the industry, as well as a shortage of staff in the field of gastronomy. The use of PPP/MCHP tools is proposed as a promising direction for solving these problems. Despite the geopolitical difficulties, the criterion analysis of foreign experience in managing the development of gastrodestinations should continue.

The relevance of the topic. The most effective approach to studying and forecasting intersectoral economic relations is to use models that are modified versions of well-known input-output balance models. The methodological aspect is to develop a new model that is a modification of the existing semi-dynamic input-output balance model. Purpose. The analysis of existing models and plans, as well as the process of digitalization of the company's economic development, confirms the need to create a comprehensive model. This model should take into account the dependence of income and expenses on product tariffs, as well as the elasticity of demand for services and the impact of tariffs on the prices of consumed resources, which is determined by the structure of intersectoral relations. Methodology. To achieve the research objectives, complex methods were used, including a systematic analysis of existing simulation models designed for operational management of the company, as well as mathematical modeling methods. Results and conclusions. The research results formed the basis for creating a model that visualizes the distribution of products in three key areas: meeting current production needs, financing capital investments in the creation of production assets, and final consumption. The model has a three-block structure, where each block is closely connected to the others. The first block is responsible for the balance of production and distribution of products. The second block covers the balances of enterprises' income and expenses, as well as the algorithms for profit distribution. The third block models the process of transforming production investments into new capacities and describes the dynamics of fixed assets and production potential. Scope of application. Research results can serve as a basis for constructing and modernizing the methodological apparatus of operational management in modern corporations.

Relevance of the topic. According to the latest report by the World Trade Organization (WTO), «World Trade Prospects and Statistics,» global trade in goods is expected to decrease by 0.2 % in 2025, compared to the initial forecast of a 2.7 % increase. According to the organization's economists, if trade tensions continue to escalate, the decline could reach — 1.5 %. This decline in global trade reflects the WTO's existential crisis as an organization dedicated to promoting trade liberalization. Goal. The purpose of the scientific work is a systematic theoretical study of the problems of multilateral regulation of global trade within the framework of the World Trade Organization. Methodology. The research methodology is based on a systematic and process-oriented approach. The study uses general scientific and special methods of cognition, including systemic, institutional, and statistical analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, formal logic, and interpretation. Results and conclusions. The authors carried out a systematic analysis of the problems hindering the development of global trade and concluded that the WTO is currently experiencing an existential crisis. This crisis manifests itself in the existence of irreconcilable contradictions between the North and the South, which are blocking the negotiation process in the WTO. As a result, trade negotiations are taking place outside the WTO through dozens of bilateral and regional free trade agreements, and the number of these agreements is steadily increasing. Since 2019 The WTO's appellate body, consisting of experts in the field of law and international trade, is inactive, paralyzed by the refusal of the United States to appoint new judges. At the same time, it is the Appellate Body that must guarantee the binding nature of the WTO agreements.

The relevance of the topic. In modern conditions, the study of the rational use of farmland, in particular sloping lands, which are available to most agricultural enterprises in the region, is of particular relevance. Such studies serve as the basis for the introduction of new methods of economic activity in the field of adaptive agriculture and are able to ensure a balance between economic productivity and environmental sustainability of the territory. Goal. Based on the analysis of the sloping lands, systematize the districts of the Voronezh Region and develop recommendations for improving their sustainability. Methodology. The monographic method, methods of logical and comparative analysis. Results and conclusions. Based on the analysis of the sloping lands of the Voronezh region, they were systematized into 3 groups: with high, medium and low values of degradation and afforestation of the territory. Areas with high degradation scores — from 3.09 to 3.22 and afforestation — from 4.05 to 4.86; with average degradation scores — from 2.00 to 2.89 and afforestation — from 3.00 to 4.05; with low degradation scores — from 0.96 to 1.99 and afforestation - from 1.33 to 3.00 were identified. The areas most in need of measures to eliminate the negative effects of natural and anthropogenic factors have been identified in accordance with the orographic division of the territory and natural and agricultural zoning, and recommendations have been developed to increase the stability of sloping lands. The scope of application. The results of the study can be applied in the field of agricultural land use economics.