Oveshnikova L.V.

The relevance of the topic. The article examines the problem of ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation in the context of digitalization of the economy. Digitalization is becoming a key factor in economic growth and development, affecting the resilience of the economy to internal and external threats. Goal. The purpose of the study is to analyze the key indicators of digitalization of the Russian economy, identify their impact on economic security and suggest ways to overcome threats. Methodology. Research based on an indicative approach, including a comparison of actual values of indicators with established threshold levels. Data from official statistics and national programs, such as the national program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation», are used. Results and conclusions. An analysis of a number of key digitalization indicators was carried out, including investment activity, technological independence, cybersecurity and broadband Internet availability. Significant deviations from target values were identified, emphasizing the need to strengthen measures to strengthen economic security. The main problems include a low share of expenditure on research and development in the field of information technology, a high level of cybercrime and a lack of investment in innovative projects. Scope of application. The obtained results can be used to improve state policy in the field of digitalization, improve the regulatory environment and stimulate innovative activity of enterprises. They are important for developing effective measures to ensure sustainable development of the digital economy and increase the level of economic security of the country.

The study of spatial dynamics remains a central focus of economic science due to deepening regional disparities and the transformation of the global economy under the influence of globalization and digitalization. Classical theories explaining the location of economic activity demonstrate their limitations in the new context, necessitating their synthesis with modern approaches of New Economic Geography and the consideration of the role of human capital, innovation, and institutional factors. Understanding the modern paradigm of spatial dynamics is an essential foundation for developing effective state regional policy aimed at ensuring sustainable and balanced territorial development. Purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of scientific views on spatial dynamics: from classical theories to the modern integrated concept, to systematize key research directions, and to identify the determining factors of spatial development in modern economic conditions. Methodology. The research is based on systemic and historical-economic approaches. The work employs methods of theoretical analysis and synthesis, the comparative method for contrasting classical and modern concepts, as well as the classification method for structuring key scientific trends within the modern paradigm of spatial dynamics. Results and conclusions. The study systematizes the evolution of theoretical views on spatial dynamics, identifying the limitations of classical models (Ricardo, Heckscher-Ohlin), such as the disregard for transport costs and spatial heterogeneity. The contribution of New Economic Geography (P. Krugman, M. Fujita, A. Venables) to understanding the role of agglomeration effects and increasing returns is defined. A holistic picture of the modern paradigm is formed, integrating economic-geographical, post-Fordist, institutional approaches, and the creative class concept. It is established that the key determinants of spatial development in modern conditions are innovative potential, the quality of human capital, the level of social capital development, and the degree of regional integration into global networks. Application area. The research results can be used by state and regional authorities in developing and adjusting spatial development strategies and regional policies.

The relevance of the topic. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that rational investment behavior ensures the creation of a favorable investment environment, the effective use of capital investments, which helps to improve the socio-economic situation in the region. Goal. To study the theoretical aspects of the content of the category "investment behavior of regions" and analyze the indicators characterizing the investment behavior of the regions of the Central Federal District. Methodology. To achieve this goal, methods of formal logic, economic and statistical analysis, and heuristic methods were used to substantiate trends and develop recommendations. Results and conclusions. The study was carried out in two aspects: theoretical - it allowed us to determine the conceptual-categorical apparatus and indicators for studying the investment behavior of a macroregion, practical - within the framework of which a number of indicators of the socio-economic situation of the regions of the Central Federal District were analyzed, characterizing investment behavior. The conducted research made it possible to establish a high level of differentiation in terms of investment behavior in the regions of the Central Federal District and offer recommendations for its regulation. Scope of application. The results of the study can be used by government authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to regulate investment activities and justify measures to improve the investment behavior of regional economies.

The relevance of the topic. It is necessary to carry out a study of the prevailing trends, prospects and key problems of convergence of the macroeconomic policies of Russia and Belarus in the context of the formation of a single trade and economic space, as well as to ensure the achievement of maximum positive effects at the macro, meso and micro levels in the long term. Goal. Assessment of the current state, problematic issues and prospects for strengthening Russian-Belarusian integration in the context of convergence of macroeconomic policy. Methodology. The key scientific approaches were used: system, logical and process. The main methods of scientific cognition were: comparison, expert assessment, analysis and generalization. The information base was made up of scientific publications on the relevant research profile, as well as open sources of the Internet. Results and conclusions. At present, the integration processes between Russia and Belarus in terms of deepening trade, economic and military-political cooperation, as well as increasing the effectiveness of coordination of joint decisions to counter modern challenges and threats have reached a qualitatively different level of development. In particular, at the moment, the basic provisions of the treaty on the creation of the «Union State», as well as 28 Union programs, are being successfully implemented. One of the key programs is the convergence of macroeconomic policy. It is established that the integration and synchronization of trade and economic processes and the entire macroeconomic policy of Russia and Belarus requires the formation of common principles of the functioning of national economies. This is possible only with the construction of a multi-level, balanced and unified planning and forecasting system. One of the most important tools for the convergence of the macroeconomical policy of Russia and Belarus at the moment is the harmonization of VAT. This direction implies the development of general principles of taxation on indirect taxes, which include VAT and excise taxes. Another tool is the development of a unified policy of regulators in order to harmonize monetary policy. Today, the most urgent is the formation of mutually beneficial conditions for the implementation of inflation targeting processes. In the conclusion of the study, the utilitarian component of the positive effect of the convergence of the macro-economic policy of Russia and Belarus is presented. Scope of application. The sphere of supranational trade and economic cooperation.

Abstract The relevance of the topic. The competitiveness and development of regions are largely determined by the high degree of their investment attractiveness, which objectively requires its comprehensive assessment. Goal. The study of the investment attractiveness of the regions of the Union State of Russia and Belarus in the new economic conditions. Methodology. To achieve this goal, methods of formal logic, economic and statistical analysis, correlation analysis by influence factors were applied. Results and conclusions. The article considers the material that characterizes investment attractiveness as a set of indicators that determine the assessment of the external and internal socio-economic situation of the regions of the studied countries. The assessment of the investment attractiveness of Russia and Belarus in such areas as: investments in fixed assets; gross regional product; average per capita income of the population; the unemployment rate in Russia as a whole. The measures to improve the investment attractiveness of the economy of the regions of the Union State of Russia and Belarus are substantiated. Scope of application. The sphere of state investment policy in the regions of the Union State

Subject . The living standards and population quality living of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Imbalances in the development of living standards.Topic . The identification of imbalances in the living standards of the Russian Federation. The regions classification for common approaches search and recommendations in the field of social policy and support of the population to improve living standards. Purpose. Conducting inter regional comparisons and the study of socio economic indicators that form the living standards and quality of the population life of the Russian regions. Ranking and classification of regions based on factors determining the quality of the population life. Methodo lo gy. Statistical and cluster analysis methods Results . The study showed the presence of significant heterogeneity of the Russian Federation subjects in terms of living standards, which indicates the need for a differentiated approach to the development of measures of state social policy. The classification of regions according to individual socio economic indicators made it possible to identify homogeneous groups of territories for which common approaches and recommendations in the field of social policy and support for the population can be developed to improve living standards.Applicationa rea . The study results can be used to study regional characteristics of economic and social development, as well as to develop scientifically based solutions to support the population and improve the quality of life in the region. Conclusions . The classification results gives an idea of the social welfare magnitude, and also fills this category with real content and determines the factors affecting its formation at different levels of aggregation. Condition assessment using index models provides ample opportunities for further use in modeling, forecasting and optimization of the process under study.

The article is devoted to the development of the methodological foundations of the spatio temporal study of regional economic security based on determining determinants. The attention is focused on the importance of understanding the object, subject, subject and objectives of the study of economic security of the regions. The necessity of studying the dynamics of the region’s development by the growth rates of the main indicators of economic security in the spacetime context is substantiated. The main scientific result obtained in the article is a list of indicators of the region’s economic security, which are grouped within the framework of economic, social, industrial and innovative projections, on the basis of which its integral values and levels can be determined. This will make it possible to carry out interregional comparisons of economic security, determine criteria values, and also support proactive management aimed at achieving and improving the level of economic security of the regions of the Russian Federation.

In Russia, the problems of creating high technologies and using the accumulated scientific, technical, industrial, intellectual and human resources have acquired special significance, since Russian business faces a historic choice of its development strategy for many decades to come. We believe that the effective way of obtaining sustainable trends in the growth of the role of knowledge-intensive, resource-saving technologies and industries is the development and implemen- tation of a set of measures aimed at strengthening the competitiveness of industry in the world and domestic markets, by creating conditions for the favorable development of strategic priority areas of innovation activity, Targeting high-tech business. Targeting innovative activity in high-tech business is understood as a way of implementing the innovative policy of the state, which manifests itself in the choice of a priority science-intensive direction, which must be influenced in order to achieve high economic and social results, ensuring the creation of conditions for the accumulation of funds that promote the development of the production of science-intensive products and Development of«high technology». The purpose of targeting is to create conditions under which structural adjust- ment will allow science-intensive industries to become «points of growth» in traditional industries and services, create a developed export potential, and ensure reproduction at a new technological level. Practically this process should ensure the transfer of the economy to the path of sustainable innovation growth, and for its implementation it is necessary to develop an effective scientific and industrial policy - the basis of a single state concept of the country’s socio-economic development. In connection with this, the «points of growth» of economic development were studied in accordance with the long-term integrated program «National Technological Initiative». Article is prepared with financial support of G. V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics.

Infrastructure is characterized by the General terms and conditions effective dynamics of material production and social existence and not just a set of number of industries. The creation of the best conditions for the manufacture of goods, free distribution and personal consumption in certain regions is the priority, which distinguishes infrastructure from other types of activities is considered the main symptom of allocation of spheres of the national economy. In modern conditions of managing the production of services and goods that society for implementation of various activities, must operate on the basis of other infrastructure that inevitably transformirovalsya in qualitative and quantitative transformation of the complex infrastructure of a certain region. The region's infrastructure defines the General conditions for effective development of territories, creates optimal conditions for the production of goods and services, exchange of goods and personal consumption. This allocates the infrastructure of the national economy into an independent activity.

Investment - construction complex traditionally represents one of the most important sectors of the economy, pragmatically you-stepping the material basis for the development of its other components and implementing social needs of the society. Global objective the investment-construction complex, the reproduction of fixed assets of the economy, using investment techniques, and also carrying out the construction, reconstruction, restoration, renovation, and repair of buildings and structures. Solving large-scale economic problems, investment and construction industry forms the order to search for the optimal financial, economic, technical, technological and organizational decisions, having a multiplier effect throughout the economy.In the statistics up to the present time insufficient attention is paid to the investment-building complex as the object of statistical study, the issues of organization of statistical observations and formation of the informational base of the study that was the basis for the present study.