Nedikova Elena Vladimirovna

The relevance of the topic. Currently, the area of unused arable land is about 20 million hectares, unclaimed land shares are 16.6 million hectares of arable land, and the problem of rational and efficient use of agricultural land in other categories, with a total area of more than 68 million hectares, requires special attention to the development and improvement of projects for agricultural and agricultural development. interfarm land management, without which sustainable development of rural areas is impossible. The solution of the above and most other problems in land management and land cadastre activities is possible through the active introduction and application of modern information technologies. Goal. Summarizing the experience of the introduction of digital technologies in the field of land management and determining the prospects for the use of computational digital technologies in land management. Methodology. Various research methods are used: analysis, generalization and systematization of information, and others. Results and conclusions. The high level of development of information systems combined with the insufficiently intensive pace of their application for the purposes of land management of agricultural enterprises determines the directions of development of geoinformation technologies in this area. The analysis of scientific literature sources and periodicals allowed us to refer to the key trends in the development of geoinformation systems and technologies in the Earth device - the increasing role of Internet services based on the use of spatial data, including remote sensing data obtained in real time; increasing the efficiency of obtaining remote sensing data, the quality of the technical characteristics of the source data, the accuracy of calculations and forecasts; the openness and availability of data; the development of cloud technologies; the trend towards the need to transition to automation and intellectualization of data processing and analysis processes (big data, data mining); expansion of the geographic information services market in the agricultural industry and attracting new users; increasing demand for Open Source software; increasing demand for spatial data-based services; technical and organizational integration of technological solutions; development of mobile GIS applications. The scope of application. Economics of environmental management, land management.

The relevance of the topic. The creation of protective forest plantations in farms affects the improvement of the ecological state of the territory, makes it stable and sustainable, which directly leads to an increase in the economic efficiency of agricultural production. To date, considerable experience has been accumulated in planning and designing agroforestry measures from the legal, socio-economic, environmental, organizational and technological points of view in land management documentation. However, in conditions of insufficient financing, the condition of forest strips and their protective functions deteriorate annually. In this regard, this issue is relevant and significant. Goal. Summarizing the experience of creating protective forest strips and determining their economic and environmental effectiveness. Methodology. Various research methods are used: analysis, generalization and systematization of information, the method of statistical data processing. Results and conclusions. The effectiveness of the creation of agroforestry plantations is manifested not only in the economic sphere of activity, but also in the environmental one. Agroforestry plantations contribute to increasing the yield of cultivated crops, especially in extreme (arid) conditions, affect the growth of humus balance in the soil and the expansion of biological diversity of animals and birds. The issues of creation and reconstruction of agroforestry plantations and their impact on the efficiency of management require further consideration and study by specialists, scientists and managers of the agro-industrial complex. The scope of application. Economics of environmental management, land management.

The relevance of the topic. The lack of specific recommendations on the design, assessment of the location of existing infrastructure elements and their operation indicates an insufficient amount of scientific research on this issue. This gap can be eliminated only on the basis of long-term field observations of the operation of forest strips, field roads, land boundaries, fields and their impact on the regulation of meltwater and stormwater runoff, as well as the actual development of erosion processes. Goal. Substantiation of the design of infrastructural elements - contour linear elements of the organization of arable land in the conditions of the complex relief of the Central Chernozem zone. Methodology. Monographic method, methods of comparative analysis. Results and conclusions. It is revealed that the system of infrastructural elements, such as the road network and protective forest strips, determines the main direction of soil treatment and the use of special anti-erosion agrotechnical measures. Only a scientifically based placement of linear elements of the territory organization will make it possible to more successfully address issues of surface runoff regulation by dividing large catchments into a network of artificial small ones and diverting residual runoff along the slope to safe places in the hydrographic network. Studies conducted on the distribution of arable land in small catchments, taking into account the shape of the slopes, have shown that the collecting (concave) shape of the slopes prevails on chernozems — 42.7 % of the total area of arable land. The ratio of arable land between expositions is of great importance for the design of anti-erosion measures. The data indicate that the northern slopes occupy 30.6 % of the concave slopes. There are significantly more washed-away soils on transversely scattering (convex) slopes, in contrast to transversely straight ones. Compared with neutral slopes, the intensity of soil washing on the southern slope increases by 1.05 times, and on the northern slope it decreases to 0.97. The contour organization of the territory involves the use of land, which takes into account not only the naturally formed configuration, but also the landscape structure of natural and anthropogenic complexes. This means that when developing ecological and landscape projects for the territorial organization of agricultural systems, infrastructure elements are placed - protective forest strips, field roads based on detailed consideration of the zonal factors of the Central Park, which will subsequently have a positive impact on the sustainability of the territory of agricultural organizations. When designing, it is necessary to take into account more fully the main factors that shape the processes of water erosion, such as exposure and slope shapes. The scope of application. The practice and economics of agricultural environmental management.

The relevance of the topic. Intensive and often irrational use of land in agro-landscapes significantly increases the degree of anthropogenic load on the soil. Within the agro-landscape, there is a decrease in the level of soil fertility and a violation of the ecological sustainability of agrocenoses, in some cases there is an increase in the processes of land degradation. In the process of land management activities, organizational and territorial conditions are created for the rational use of arable land, within which it is necessary to replenish the elements of nutrition (N, P, K) to increase the humus content. One of the effective direct ways to ensure the balance of nutrients and organic matter is to apply organic fertilizers during the implementation of a set of agrotechnical measures. The article notes that by improving the technological processes for processing and applying organic fertilizer (using barley straw as an example) with the indigenous strain Humicola fuscoatra VNIISS 016, an accelerated transformation of organic matter and activation of humification processes are observed, which contribute to an increase in humus content in the soil. Purpose. Analysis of land use and development of proposals for improving technological processes of soil cultivation and application of organic fertilizers in order to increase fertility. Methodology. Monographic method, methods of comparative analysis. Results and conclusions. Based on the reliable positive results of the conducted research, we can recommend the use of an improved technological process of processing and applying such an organic fertilizer as barley straw when selecting methods for increasing the fertility of agricultural lands based on organic fertilizers. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the improved technology of straw processing and application for improving the fertility of agricultural lands can be used to increase the resistance of agroecosystems to anthropogenic loads, as well as to promote ecological farming, as it has proven to be effective in improving soil fertility. Scope of application. Practice and economics of agricultural environmental management.

The relevance of the topic. In modern conditions, the study of the rational use of farmland, in particular sloping lands, which are available to most agricultural enterprises in the region, is of particular relevance. Such studies serve as the basis for the introduction of new methods of economic activity in the field of adaptive agriculture and are able to ensure a balance between economic productivity and environmental sustainability of the territory. Goal. Based on the analysis of the sloping lands, systematize the districts of the Voronezh Region and develop recommendations for improving their sustainability. Methodology. The monographic method, methods of logical and comparative analysis. Results and conclusions. Based on the analysis of the sloping lands of the Voronezh region, they were systematized into 3 groups: with high, medium and low values of degradation and afforestation of the territory. Areas with high degradation scores — from 3.09 to 3.22 and afforestation — from 4.05 to 4.86; with average degradation scores — from 2.00 to 2.89 and afforestation — from 3.00 to 4.05; with low degradation scores — from 0.96 to 1.99 and afforestation - from 1.33 to 3.00 were identified. The areas most in need of measures to eliminate the negative effects of natural and anthropogenic factors have been identified in accordance with the orographic division of the territory and natural and agricultural zoning, and recommendations have been developed to increase the stability of sloping lands. The scope of application. The results of the study can be applied in the field of agricultural land use economics.

The relevance of the topic. Currently, the Russian Federation has vast areas of unused agricultural land. As of 2024, there are more than 16 million hectares of such land. Every year, these areas become overgrown with woody vegetation, shrubs, and small forests, making them unsuitable for further use. The reclamation of these lands is crucial for ensuring food security and sustainable regional development. By developing regional plans and implementing operational projects, we can address the issue of underutilized land resources. Goal.The purpose of creating regional plans for the involvement of land in agricultural circulation is to increase the efficiency of the region's land resources, ensure food security, increase agricultural production, and stimulate economic growth. Methodology. Various research methods are used, including analysis, generalization, and systematization of information, decomposition, and others. Results and conclusions. By drawing up regional plans for the involvement of unused land in agricultural production based on the methodology developed by the authors of this article, it becomes possible to more effectively use the country's land potential: expanding the area of crops, increasing agricultural production, preventing the overgrowth of unused land with small forests and shrubs, and combating the occurrence of strip farming, inter-row farming, and other issues. The practical significance of the study lies in increasing the efficiency of land use, strengthening the economy of the region under consideration, developing the agro-industrial complex, and creating favorable conditions for the sustainable functioning and development of agribusiness.The scope of application. The scope of application. Regional economy, land management.

The relevance of the topic. The article examines the current state and possibilities of improving the efficiency of land use of small business entities. Indicators characterizing their current state and development prospects affect the country's food security. The food security of any country depends on the provision of food to the population and, accordingly, on the use of factors and resources of the production process, where the main and irreplaceable resource is land. Rational and efficient use of land resources is an integral part of any production process, which means the use of productive lands, as well as their reproduction, is the main element of state security policy. Goal. Based on the analysis of the functioning of small forms of management, develop measures to improve the efficiency of their land use. Any agricultural enterprise aims to obtain maximum profit while reducing the cost of production. But this cannot be achieved in the long term if you do not take care of soil fertility, rational use of each arable contour, and protect the land. That is, the priority areas for increasing the efficiency of agricultural production should include the formation of optimal land use of both small and large enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. Methodology. Methods of scientific knowledge (description, observation, analysis) were used. Results and conclusions. Among the main directions for increasing the efficiency of land use, it should be noted the increase in the reproductive processes of land and, as a consequence, the improvement of soil fertility, based on increasing the agroclimatic potential and reducing erosion potential, through the differentiated use of technogenic means of production, a more careful selection of breeds and varieties of agricultural crops adapted to the zonal conditions of the territory, including resistant to sudden temperature fluctuations; improvement of various approaches, techniques, methods and technologies, which together provide competitive advantages of land uses. Scope of application. Agro-industrial complex of the Voronezh region, rational use of land resources, economics of environmental management of small forms of management.

The relevance of the topic. The earth occupies a special place among the material conditions necessary for human life. It is a great laboratory, an arsenal that delivers tools and tools, as well as a place for settlements, the basis of industry, transport, communications, etc. In agriculture, where the process of producing and obtaining a product is directly related to the level of soil fertility, its quality and nature of use, the land acts as an active factor. Land is the main means of production in agricultural production. Goal. To show the importance of land management design in carrying out work related to the conservation of land resources of our country. Methodology. The methods of scientific cognition (description, observation, analysis) are used. Results and conclusions. To preserve land as the main means of production, it is necessary to plan various activities on a scientific basis — on the basis of land management projects, in which a set of measures in engineering, agronomic and economic relations should be carefully justified. So, when designing, it is imperative to solve the following tasks: firstly, to pay priority attention to agricultural land and especially arable land; secondly, to develop a full range of anti–erosion measures; thirdly, all measures must have an economic justification. Well-developed land management projects will serve as a basis for the introduction of scientific achievements and best practices in combating soil erosion and the rational use of each hectare of land into production. The scope of application. Economics of environmental management, land management.

The relevance of the topic. The Voronezh Region is the most important subject of the Russian Federation, as it has significant land resources, fairly favorable natural and climatic conditions and highly fertile chernozems, the current state of which is undergoing serious changes, this is, first of all, land degradation. The process of soil degradation proceeds slowly over time, when soil losses do not exceed the rate of soil formation. Flushing and erosion of the soil leads to the formation of gullies and ravines on agricultural land, in the presence of which not only makes it difficult to cultivate land and use agricultural machinery, but also significant areas of arable land are withdrawn from agricultural circulation. Goal. Based on the analysis and assessment of the land use territory of agricultural enterprises of the Voronezh region, to identify the main causes of degradation of their arable lands and develop recommendations on the landscape and ecological arrangement of sustainable agricultural landscapes to prevent and eliminate negative consequences occurring in their ecosystems. Methodology. The methods of scientific cognition (description, observation, analysis) are used. Results and conclusions. Neglect of landscape and ecological features of arable lands in the construction of the territory of field agricultural landscapes leads to environmental consequences such as erosion, waterlogging, waterlogging of soils, etc. Soil erosion in the Voronezh region is one of the main negative natural processes that bring great danger to the main agricultural region of the Russian Federation, which has potentially rich arable resources. Against the background of agrarian transformations, the attitude towards land as a natural resource has deteriorated, negative natural processes are becoming more acute against its background, humus reserves are decreasing, there is a high man-made agricultural burden on arable lands everywhere, and in this regard, land fertility is deteriorating. Soil degradation in modern conditions is gaining accelerated development, which in the future poses a threat to the country's food security. Based on the review, study and analysis of scientific and methodological provisions on the landscape and ecological structure of the territory of arable lands in on-farm land management, the authors concluded that it is necessary to renovate the state on-farm land management, which will take into account the agrotechnological features of each working area, design differentiated crop rotations that protect land from degradation, preserve and reproduce the fertility of arable lands the formation of balanced adaptive agriculture. The scope of application. Agro-industrial complex of the Voronezh region, rational use of land resources, economics of environmental management, land degradation, the arrangement of the territory on a landscape-ecological basis.

The relevance of the topic. Ensuring the sustainable development of the territorial space of the Voronezh Region, of course, while preserving the socio-economic potential should be based on preserving the ecological state of the environment. Goal. Analysis and further development of the network of specially protected natural territories by expanding the structure of the network of specially protected territories in order to maintain the sustainable development of the territorial space of the Voronezh region. Methodology. Methods of logical and comparative analysis of practices of forming a network of specially protected natural territories. Results and conclusions. The territory of the Voronezh Region is the agricultural breadbasket of the country, where open spaces predominate on which agricultural land is located. These are especially valuable lands that produce agricultural products. The analysis showed that for the Central Black Earth Zone, specially protected areas should occupy 10 percent of the territory, and currently they occupy 5.25 %. Despite this, it is not advisable to transfer land to specially protected natural areas on a large scale. The development of specially protected natural areas should be carried out by transferring various types of terrain and tracts into micro-reserves. The number and density of micro–orders directly depends on the specific climatic, soil, geobotanical and other features of the space. Sustainable development of the territory of the Voronezh Region by preserving landscape and agro-landscape diversity, expanding the structure of specially protected natural areas, introducing ecological and landscape design principles into the practice of space organization can play a significant role in maintaining the sustainable development of the Voronezh Region. Scope of application. Economics of environmental management and land use.

The relevance of the topic. Analysis of the territorial organization and production activities of small business forms is one of the key goals of the formation of rational and efficient land use. Goal . Recommendations on the territorial organization of small forms of management. Methodology. Economic - statistical and monographic methods, methods of logical and comparative analysis. Results and conclusions. The article shows the need for a detailed analysis of the production activities of small business entities, since they occupy a certain place in the economy of our country. And like any business entity working in the agricultural sector of the economy, they require study, analysis and elaboration of strategic directions of development. It is noted that further development of this sector of the economy is impossible without the formation of rational and efficient land use. Small forms of management have proved their competitiveness over the past three decades, which is especially important in modern conditions when the country needs stable production of agricultural products to ensure its food security, therefore it is necessary on the part of state and municipal authorities to create conditions for the formation of rational and effective land use of small forms of management. Scope of application. Practice and economics of agricultural land use.

The relevance of the topic. Erosion assessment of the potential of the territory on a digital basis is of great importance in the conditions of adaptive farming. Goal. Development of recommendations for the formation of a digital platform for the erosion assessment of the natural potential of the territory Methodology. Economic-statistical and monographic methods, methods of logical and comparative analysis. Results and conclusions. A modern approach to determining the classes of potential erosion hazard of arable land from the runoff of meltwater and heavy rains is presented. The anti-erosion land management complex is a system of measures that should become the starting point for the arrangement of arable land for adaptive farming. The main role in preventing erosion is assigned to the anti-erosion organization of the territory, in the process of which conditions are created for the formation of soil-protective management of adaptive agriculture. The use of computational methods for assessing the potential erosion hazard of arable land, based on quantitative accounting of its determining factors, will increase the reliability of information and obtain a visual picture for territorial differentiation of use based on a cartogram of classes of potential erosion hazard of land. Cartographic differentiation of the erosion hazard of arable land determines the organizational and territorial nature of the anti-erosion placement of crop rotations. The cartogram of classes, built on a calculated basis, is a reliable foundation for digitalizing the solution of tasks for the protection of arable land, determining the nature of its use in the system of differentiated crop rotations, reliable device and reducing soil losses to the level of acceptable values. Scope of application. Practice and economics of agricultural land use.

Theme . Agrarian nature management, assessment of the natural environment of the Kursk region and its landscape ecological zoning. Topic. Reduction and elimination of negative natural phenomena based on the formation of agrarian nature management, namely the implementation of the entire system of environmental protection measures, including reducing the speed of dry winds and snowstorms, regulation of surface runoff. That, in general, will increase the anti erosion resistance of soils, and as a result, will contribute to an increase in crop yields. Objectives. To develop practical recommendations for the formation of agrarian nature management in the Kursk region in the context of the development of negative natural and anthropogenic processes. Methodology. Methods and techniques for comparative analysis of the existing natural and anthropogenic conditions of the territory of the Kursk region in the context of the formation of agrarian nature management. Results. Practical recommendations are proposed for the formation of agrarian nature management in the Kursk region based on the study of the conditions for the development of negative natural and anthropogenic processes on its territory. As part of this, an assessment of the natural environment, in terms of land and water resources, was carried out, and on its basis, a landscape ecological zoning of the territory of the Kursk region was developed. Applicat ionarea . Nature management and nature management economics. Conclusions. It was revealed that the topical method for optimizing the landscape ecological situation of the territory is a regional approach based on landscape ecological zoning, landscapetypological mapping and the establishment of the landscape ecological state of terrain types. In order to preserve and effectively use the natural resources of the Kursk region, it is necessary not only to introduce landscape reclamation techniques into the practice of nature management, but also to carry out a number of environmental measures. In the conditions of vastly vast arable lands, the mosaic nature of the territory is of particular importance, which can significantly diversify and enhance the stability of these territories, anti erosion resistance of soils and, as a result, will contribute to an increase in crop yields.

Land management based on improving the methods of anti erosion organization of arable land, taking into account the technological requirements of agriculture, will ultimately contribute to increasing the ecological and biological productivity of agricultural land. The danger of the development of water and wind erosion necessitates a more rational and efficient use of eroded and erosionhazardous lands, which means improving the methods of anti erosion organization of the territory of agricultural organizations, taking into account the adaptive approach to the development and design of measures aimed at increasing the antierosion resistance of agricultural lands and increasing productivity of agricultural and especially arable land, based on technological The requirements of agriculture.

Аnalysis of the historical development of land relations leads to the conclusion that the administration of territories is subject to general historical, social and economic laws. Land resources are a national wealth and the territorial basis of the economy, so the state is always determined by the shape and the main methods of forming land. The country's development of land relations should be consolidated into three main stages, each of which is characterized by various forms of ownership and management on earth, a form of payment for the land, and the limitations in the use and purchase of the property. At each stage of development of land relations revealed positive changes in land management. Thus, the appearance of the universal rights of private property, the development of forms of management, as well as the introduction of agricultural land turnover contributed to a significant rise in agricultural production in the end of XIX beginning of the XX century. Carried out an inventory of land, the establishment of the land cadastre and the considerable amount of work in the field of land reclamation and protection soil from erosion has been a positive legacy of the Soviet period. The positive moment of the modern period of land reforms associated with the variety of forms of management and forms of land ownership. The instability of land management has led to negative consequences such as reduced land fertility, the development of erosion processes and others. Therefore, there was an objective need to address the negative consequences of land reform and the formation of an effective land administration system.

The land use of the Central Black Earth region is characterized by the fact that agriculture is carried out on sloping surfaces. In this regard, in order to reduce damage from the surface erosion and drift of roads by liquid and solid runoff from erosion watersheds, focal forest reclamation of slopes is carried out. Despite the significant costs of these types of work, they are quite effective. The study revealed that it is necessary to arrange the territory of the region to reduce and subsequently eliminate the degradation processes of sloping lands. These measures should be systematic, complex, and their composition and correlation should be directly dependent on the factors of degradation with an unconditional consideration of the natural - climatic and socio - economic conditions of the territory.

Currently, there is an urgent need to change the direction of development and the relationship between society and natural resources. It is necessary to reorient the interaction of society and nature from the path of extensive use of land and natural resources to the development and implementation of nature-like technologies or modeling sustainable landscapes on agricultural lands, and should also produce a rationing of anthropogenic impact on them, with these landscape models should provide public needs for food, and on the other hand, they supported the natural environment and resource s function of landscape-ecological natural systems. According to the results of the study, the article presents the improvement of the scientific and methodological foundations for the development of a model for the formation of a sustainable landscape in order to arrange the natural and technogenic complex, which will contribute to the sustainable development of the region.

The article discussed that person in the process of agricultural activity transforms the environment for the study of products. Ecological and economic assessment of adaptive land use are forms as a sectoral direction in the economic stimulation of rational management of agricultural activities. It determines the economic and social patterns of anthropogenic impact on the environment. Economic, social and environmental indicators need to be take into account for the assessment of adaptive land use. The profitability is considering as an economic indica- tor. It was 29.1 % in 2015. This indicates a low stability of agar production. Social indicators are expressing through the level of wages in the agricultural sector correlated with the average income level of the population as a whole in the region. The level of wages in agriculture is 16 % lower than the average for the region's production in 2015. Ecological indicators are expressing in terms of the amount of pollutants emitted and the amount of processed ones, as well as the level of ecological stability calculated by the method of Aidarov. This value is 0.36. It means that the territory is not stable in the ecological aspect. You can see from the analysis that not all the evaluation indicators are of a high level, but the weakest is the social one, namely, the income level of the population in agriculture. This indicator is one of the slowing factors in the development of this industry. The achieved ecological and economic effect with the use of this assessment will allow forming effective agricultural activities and introduce environmental and resource-saving technologies.

It is necessary to take into account not only economic indicators but also ecological ones when assessing the efficiency of land use at present. Such an integrated approach makes it possible to implement the necessary measures for sustainable agricultural production. In connection with the highintensity use of agricultural land in the Central Black Earth region, the high productivity of agricultural landscapes will be determined by the following indicators. Among them are gross collection, net profit, profitability of production, the structure of sown areas, the ecological capacity of the agrolandscape, the phytosanitary state of crops. They affect the productivity and quality of crop production.

The article notes that the improvement of the economic state of the agro-industrial complex is possible by improving the economic regulators of land relations. First and foremost, this is an improvement in the mechanism for charging fees for land encumbrances, which will allow landowners and land users to increase the economic effect of managing the territories.