Недиков К.Д.

The relevance of the topic. Currently, the area of unused arable land is about 20 million hectares, unclaimed land shares are 16.6 million hectares of arable land, and the problem of rational and efficient use of agricultural land in other categories, with a total area of more than 68 million hectares, requires special attention to the development and improvement of projects for agricultural and agricultural development. interfarm land management, without which sustainable development of rural areas is impossible. The solution of the above and most other problems in land management and land cadastre activities is possible through the active introduction and application of modern information technologies. Goal. Summarizing the experience of the introduction of digital technologies in the field of land management and determining the prospects for the use of computational digital technologies in land management. Methodology. Various research methods are used: analysis, generalization and systematization of information, and others. Results and conclusions. The high level of development of information systems combined with the insufficiently intensive pace of their application for the purposes of land management of agricultural enterprises determines the directions of development of geoinformation technologies in this area. The analysis of scientific literature sources and periodicals allowed us to refer to the key trends in the development of geoinformation systems and technologies in the Earth device - the increasing role of Internet services based on the use of spatial data, including remote sensing data obtained in real time; increasing the efficiency of obtaining remote sensing data, the quality of the technical characteristics of the source data, the accuracy of calculations and forecasts; the openness and availability of data; the development of cloud technologies; the trend towards the need to transition to automation and intellectualization of data processing and analysis processes (big data, data mining); expansion of the geographic information services market in the agricultural industry and attracting new users; increasing demand for Open Source software; increasing demand for spatial data-based services; technical and organizational integration of technological solutions; development of mobile GIS applications. The scope of application. Economics of environmental management, land management.

The relevance of the topic. The lack of specific recommendations on the design, assessment of the location of existing infrastructure elements and their operation indicates an insufficient amount of scientific research on this issue. This gap can be eliminated only on the basis of long-term field observations of the operation of forest strips, field roads, land boundaries, fields and their impact on the regulation of meltwater and stormwater runoff, as well as the actual development of erosion processes. Goal. Substantiation of the design of infrastructural elements - contour linear elements of the organization of arable land in the conditions of the complex relief of the Central Chernozem zone. Methodology. Monographic method, methods of comparative analysis. Results and conclusions. It is revealed that the system of infrastructural elements, such as the road network and protective forest strips, determines the main direction of soil treatment and the use of special anti-erosion agrotechnical measures. Only a scientifically based placement of linear elements of the territory organization will make it possible to more successfully address issues of surface runoff regulation by dividing large catchments into a network of artificial small ones and diverting residual runoff along the slope to safe places in the hydrographic network. Studies conducted on the distribution of arable land in small catchments, taking into account the shape of the slopes, have shown that the collecting (concave) shape of the slopes prevails on chernozems — 42.7 % of the total area of arable land. The ratio of arable land between expositions is of great importance for the design of anti-erosion measures. The data indicate that the northern slopes occupy 30.6 % of the concave slopes. There are significantly more washed-away soils on transversely scattering (convex) slopes, in contrast to transversely straight ones. Compared with neutral slopes, the intensity of soil washing on the southern slope increases by 1.05 times, and on the northern slope it decreases to 0.97. The contour organization of the territory involves the use of land, which takes into account not only the naturally formed configuration, but also the landscape structure of natural and anthropogenic complexes. This means that when developing ecological and landscape projects for the territorial organization of agricultural systems, infrastructure elements are placed - protective forest strips, field roads based on detailed consideration of the zonal factors of the Central Park, which will subsequently have a positive impact on the sustainability of the territory of agricultural organizations. When designing, it is necessary to take into account more fully the main factors that shape the processes of water erosion, such as exposure and slope shapes. The scope of application. The practice and economics of agricultural environmental management.

The relevance of the topic. In modern conditions, the study of the rational use of farmland, in particular sloping lands, which are available to most agricultural enterprises in the region, is of particular relevance. Such studies serve as the basis for the introduction of new methods of economic activity in the field of adaptive agriculture and are able to ensure a balance between economic productivity and environmental sustainability of the territory. Goal. Based on the analysis of the sloping lands, systematize the districts of the Voronezh Region and develop recommendations for improving their sustainability. Methodology. The monographic method, methods of logical and comparative analysis. Results and conclusions. Based on the analysis of the sloping lands of the Voronezh region, they were systematized into 3 groups: with high, medium and low values of degradation and afforestation of the territory. Areas with high degradation scores — from 3.09 to 3.22 and afforestation — from 4.05 to 4.86; with average degradation scores — from 2.00 to 2.89 and afforestation — from 3.00 to 4.05; with low degradation scores — from 0.96 to 1.99 and afforestation - from 1.33 to 3.00 were identified. The areas most in need of measures to eliminate the negative effects of natural and anthropogenic factors have been identified in accordance with the orographic division of the territory and natural and agricultural zoning, and recommendations have been developed to increase the stability of sloping lands. The scope of application. The results of the study can be applied in the field of agricultural land use economics.

The relevance of the topic. The article examines the current state and possibilities of improving the efficiency of land use of small business entities. Indicators characterizing their current state and development prospects affect the country's food security. The food security of any country depends on the provision of food to the population and, accordingly, on the use of factors and resources of the production process, where the main and irreplaceable resource is land. Rational and efficient use of land resources is an integral part of any production process, which means the use of productive lands, as well as their reproduction, is the main element of state security policy. Goal. Based on the analysis of the functioning of small forms of management, develop measures to improve the efficiency of their land use. Any agricultural enterprise aims to obtain maximum profit while reducing the cost of production. But this cannot be achieved in the long term if you do not take care of soil fertility, rational use of each arable contour, and protect the land. That is, the priority areas for increasing the efficiency of agricultural production should include the formation of optimal land use of both small and large enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. Methodology. Methods of scientific knowledge (description, observation, analysis) were used. Results and conclusions. Among the main directions for increasing the efficiency of land use, it should be noted the increase in the reproductive processes of land and, as a consequence, the improvement of soil fertility, based on increasing the agroclimatic potential and reducing erosion potential, through the differentiated use of technogenic means of production, a more careful selection of breeds and varieties of agricultural crops adapted to the zonal conditions of the territory, including resistant to sudden temperature fluctuations; improvement of various approaches, techniques, methods and technologies, which together provide competitive advantages of land uses. Scope of application. Agro-industrial complex of the Voronezh region, rational use of land resources, economics of environmental management of small forms of management.

The relevance of the topic. Considering that the potential of the holding model of agro-industrial integration is almost exhausted, it becomes urgent to search for a new model for organizing integration interactions in order to transfer the agri-food complex to a qualitatively new level of development. Goal. Study of development models of the agri-food complex and determination of a promising form of agro-industrial integration. Methodology. Systematic approach to the subject area being studied, dialectical, abstract-logical and monographic methods of economic research. Results and conclusions. Provisions are substantiated that reflect the conditions for the transition to a cluster model of organizing a system of integration interactions in the agri-food complex, the main of which are: the presence of a stable set of interacting entities and the preservation of their economic independence; allocation of one main product line and additional industries; ensuring explicit localization of the economic space of the cluster; creation of a mechanism for consolidating the interests of entities competing with each other; achieving a certain level of development of public-private partnerships; the presence of mechanisms that ensure flexibility in the system of intersubjective interactions; ensuring a balance of economic interests of subjects involved in the system of integration interactions; the formation of economic clusters is carried out in the course of the natural evolution of the system of integration interactions. Scope of application. Practice of integration interactions in the agricultural sector.

The relevance of the topic. The Voronezh Region is the most important subject of the Russian Federation, as it has significant land resources, fairly favorable natural and climatic conditions and highly fertile chernozems, the current state of which is undergoing serious changes, this is, first of all, land degradation. The process of soil degradation proceeds slowly over time, when soil losses do not exceed the rate of soil formation. Flushing and erosion of the soil leads to the formation of gullies and ravines on agricultural land, in the presence of which not only makes it difficult to cultivate land and use agricultural machinery, but also significant areas of arable land are withdrawn from agricultural circulation. Goal. Based on the analysis and assessment of the land use territory of agricultural enterprises of the Voronezh region, to identify the main causes of degradation of their arable lands and develop recommendations on the landscape and ecological arrangement of sustainable agricultural landscapes to prevent and eliminate negative consequences occurring in their ecosystems. Methodology. The methods of scientific cognition (description, observation, analysis) are used. Results and conclusions. Neglect of landscape and ecological features of arable lands in the construction of the territory of field agricultural landscapes leads to environmental consequences such as erosion, waterlogging, waterlogging of soils, etc. Soil erosion in the Voronezh region is one of the main negative natural processes that bring great danger to the main agricultural region of the Russian Federation, which has potentially rich arable resources. Against the background of agrarian transformations, the attitude towards land as a natural resource has deteriorated, negative natural processes are becoming more acute against its background, humus reserves are decreasing, there is a high man-made agricultural burden on arable lands everywhere, and in this regard, land fertility is deteriorating. Soil degradation in modern conditions is gaining accelerated development, which in the future poses a threat to the country's food security. Based on the review, study and analysis of scientific and methodological provisions on the landscape and ecological structure of the territory of arable lands in on-farm land management, the authors concluded that it is necessary to renovate the state on-farm land management, which will take into account the agrotechnological features of each working area, design differentiated crop rotations that protect land from degradation, preserve and reproduce the fertility of arable lands the formation of balanced adaptive agriculture. The scope of application. Agro-industrial complex of the Voronezh region, rational use of land resources, economics of environmental management, land degradation, the arrangement of the territory on a landscape-ecological basis.

The relevance of the topic. Ensuring the sustainable development of the territorial space of the Voronezh Region, of course, while preserving the socio-economic potential should be based on preserving the ecological state of the environment. Goal. Analysis and further development of the network of specially protected natural territories by expanding the structure of the network of specially protected territories in order to maintain the sustainable development of the territorial space of the Voronezh region. Methodology. Methods of logical and comparative analysis of practices of forming a network of specially protected natural territories. Results and conclusions. The territory of the Voronezh Region is the agricultural breadbasket of the country, where open spaces predominate on which agricultural land is located. These are especially valuable lands that produce agricultural products. The analysis showed that for the Central Black Earth Zone, specially protected areas should occupy 10 percent of the territory, and currently they occupy 5.25 %. Despite this, it is not advisable to transfer land to specially protected natural areas on a large scale. The development of specially protected natural areas should be carried out by transferring various types of terrain and tracts into micro-reserves. The number and density of micro–orders directly depends on the specific climatic, soil, geobotanical and other features of the space. Sustainable development of the territory of the Voronezh Region by preserving landscape and agro-landscape diversity, expanding the structure of specially protected natural areas, introducing ecological and landscape design principles into the practice of space organization can play a significant role in maintaining the sustainable development of the Voronezh Region. Scope of application. Economics of environmental management and land use.

The relevance of the topic. Erosion assessment of the potential of the territory on a digital basis is of great importance in the conditions of adaptive farming. Goal. Development of recommendations for the formation of a digital platform for the erosion assessment of the natural potential of the territory Methodology. Economic-statistical and monographic methods, methods of logical and comparative analysis. Results and conclusions. A modern approach to determining the classes of potential erosion hazard of arable land from the runoff of meltwater and heavy rains is presented. The anti-erosion land management complex is a system of measures that should become the starting point for the arrangement of arable land for adaptive farming. The main role in preventing erosion is assigned to the anti-erosion organization of the territory, in the process of which conditions are created for the formation of soil-protective management of adaptive agriculture. The use of computational methods for assessing the potential erosion hazard of arable land, based on quantitative accounting of its determining factors, will increase the reliability of information and obtain a visual picture for territorial differentiation of use based on a cartogram of classes of potential erosion hazard of land. Cartographic differentiation of the erosion hazard of arable land determines the organizational and territorial nature of the anti-erosion placement of crop rotations. The cartogram of classes, built on a calculated basis, is a reliable foundation for digitalizing the solution of tasks for the protection of arable land, determining the nature of its use in the system of differentiated crop rotations, reliable device and reducing soil losses to the level of acceptable values. Scope of application. Practice and economics of agricultural land use.

Land management based on improving the methods of anti erosion organization of arable land, taking into account the technological requirements of agriculture, will ultimately contribute to increasing the ecological and biological productivity of agricultural land. The danger of the development of water and wind erosion necessitates a more rational and efficient use of eroded and erosionhazardous lands, which means improving the methods of anti erosion organization of the territory of agricultural organizations, taking into account the adaptive approach to the development and design of measures aimed at increasing the antierosion resistance of agricultural lands and increasing productivity of agricultural and especially arable land, based on technological The requirements of agriculture.

Аnalysis of the historical development of land relations leads to the conclusion that the administration of territories is subject to general historical, social and economic laws. Land resources are a national wealth and the territorial basis of the economy, so the state is always determined by the shape and the main methods of forming land. The country's development of land relations should be consolidated into three main stages, each of which is characterized by various forms of ownership and management on earth, a form of payment for the land, and the limitations in the use and purchase of the property. At each stage of development of land relations revealed positive changes in land management. Thus, the appearance of the universal rights of private property, the development of forms of management, as well as the introduction of agricultural land turnover contributed to a significant rise in agricultural production in the end of XIX beginning of the XX century. Carried out an inventory of land, the establishment of the land cadastre and the considerable amount of work in the field of land reclamation and protection soil from erosion has been a positive legacy of the Soviet period. The positive moment of the modern period of land reforms associated with the variety of forms of management and forms of land ownership. The instability of land management has led to negative consequences such as reduced land fertility, the development of erosion processes and others. Therefore, there was an objective need to address the negative consequences of land reform and the formation of an effective land administration system.