OPTIMIZATION OF STATE REGULATION OF MIGRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF LABOR SHORTAGE IN RESOURCE-PRODUCING REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Abstract

The relevance of research. The need to rethink approaches to state regulation of migration processes in the context of a growing imbalance between the needs of the economy of resource-producing regions of the Russian Federation and limited opportunities for the reproduction of their labor resources. Of particular importance is the study of the transformation of regulatory mechanisms in the context of the specific challenges of resource-producing territories, where intensive migration, on the one hand, compensates for the shortage of labor in key industries (oil and gas, transport, construction), and on the other hand, generates persistent structural imbalances in the labor market and the social sphere. In this regard, it is necessary to develop new scientifically based approaches to optimizing migration policy aimed at achieving a balance between operational economic needs (meeting human resources needs) and long-term socio-demographic stability, while minimizing the associated socio-economic risks. Goal. Conducting a comprehensive analysis of regional mechanisms of state regulation of migration processes, identifying patterns and directions of evolution of state mechanisms for regulating labor migration, ensuring a balanced replenishment of the shortage of labor resources for the northern regions of the Russian Federation. Methodology. The study uses methods of statistical analysis of migration flow data and regulatory analysis of the legislative framework for state regulation of labor migration in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. Results and conclusions. Based on the analysis of statistical data for 2020—2024, regulatory documents at the regional and federal levels, it has been established that migration processes in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra are characterized by a steady trend towards the predominance of temporary labor migration, mainly focused on the needs of the oil and gas sector. It has been revealed that the current mechanisms of state regulation, despite their formal compliance with legislative requirements, demonstrate limited effectiveness in ensuring a balanced regional labor market and minimizing social costs associated with high labor mobility. The results obtained indicate the need to improve the quota system for foreign labor and create an interdepartmental coordination mechanism to ensure consistency of decisions at the federal, regional and corporate levels of government, as well as to develop a unified methodology for monitoring the effectiveness of regulatory impacts, providing a comparable assessment of results at all levels of migration management, improving the system for monitoring the current needs of the economy in labor resources. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its findings to adjust strategic documents for federal and regional development and optimize mechanisms for managing migration processes in the autonomous okrug. The scope of application. The sphere of state regulation of migration processes and human resource management at the regional level. The results of the study can be used by: state authorities in shaping the migration policy of the region; municipalities in developing programs for socio-economic development; the scientific community for further research in the field of regional human resource management.