Колесникова О.А.

The relevance of the topic. In the context of the shortage of labor resources in Russia, research on the problem of youth employment, which makes up about a quarter of the Russian population, but is very vulnerable from a position of employment, is highly relevant. Goal. Theoretical analysis of the category of competitiveness of a subject in the labor market in relation to youth, as well as consideration of some practical aspects of its implementation in the context of age groups. Methodology. Theoretical analysis of domestic approaches to the definition of the concept of «competitiveness», their systematization, generalization and development in relation to the subject of youth. The information base is statistical data collected by Rosstat of the Russian Federation, used for logical and comparative analysis in tabular and graphical interpretation. Results and conclusions. The development of the concept of youth competitiveness and the justification of the need for its systematic assessment, for which the author's tools are proposed. The practical result was the confirmation of the working hypothesis that there are large differences in competitiveness in the labor market between younger and older age groups in terms of employment and unemployment. The conclusions substantiate the scientific novelty of the author's approach to the systematic assessment of the competitive advantages of youth and the tools proposed for this purpose, as well as the need for further research on this issue, the development and implementation of effective policies to support and enhance the competitiveness of younger youth cohorts. Scope of application. The labor market in Russia, youth employment policy.

The relevance of the topic. In the current socio-economic conditions and with the observed shortage of personnel, issues of youth employment, the most active social group with high economic potential, are of particular importance. One of the most important factors influencing employment is education, but research on the subject of interest is faced with limited available statistics. This actualized the conduct of a questionnaire survey among young people on the relationship between employment and education. Goal. A study of youth employment problems caused by dissatisfaction with basic education, which are not identified based on Rosstat data. Methodology. A sample questionnaire survey of the target audience in the Voronezh and Lipetsk regions, conducted in April-May 2025. Results and conclusions. The reasons for obtaining and types of additional vocational education for young people have been identified, and its impact on employment has been assessed. The scope of application. The labor market of central Russia, youth employment policy.

The relevance of the topic. The increasing shortage of labor in the Russian labor market, occurring against the background of a reduction in labor resources and in the absence of internal sources of replenishment, necessitates the involvement of external labor migrants. There is a need to transform migration flows, primarily by reducing the volume of low-skilled labor. But the solution to this problem should be based on improving the quality of forecasting the prospective need for personnel in the context of industries and territories, as well as qualification groups. It is necessary to develop a methodologically sound approach to determining the contribution of external labor migration to the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation as a whole and its individual subjects. In modern conditions, under the influence of a number of objective and subjective factors, the volume and directions of external labor migration have changed significantly, which necessitates a change in a number of approaches to labor market regulation. The article is devoted to the study of the prospects and risks of attracting external labor migrants to mitigate the personnel shortage in the Russian economy. The development and implementation of the proposed tools are possible based on the results of a comprehensive all-Russian study, which ideally should become a monitoring study. In addition, it requires a systematic solution to the problem of adaptation of foreign workers, which goes beyond labor migration. Goal. Substantiation of the need to clarify the scale of external labor migration, adjust and update the methodology of its statistical accounting to determine measures for effective labor market management. Methodology. A comprehensive study of the problems of external labor migration is possible based on the application of the methodology of interdisciplinary analysis. The use of principles and methods of such sciences as statistics, demography, economics, sociology, and law allowed us to identify the most significant issues: the accuracy and efficiency of migration accounting, the volume of shadow employment of foreigners in the territory of the Russian Federation, and the assessment of the effectiveness and economic feasibility of using the labor of foreign migrants. The methodology of quantitative and qualitative analysis was used to study them. The empirical base of the study was made up of data from the Federal State Statistics Service, publications in the media, and the results of sociological research. Results and conclusions. The author's position on the need to use the labor of external migrant workers is substantiated, which, along with increasing labor productivity, modernizing the personnel training system and other measures, will solve the problem of replenishing Russia's labor resources, mitigate the personnel hunger of the Russian economy. Significant amounts of shadow employment of foreign migrants have been proven. The necessity of changing the structure of flows of foreign labor migrants is argued. The results of the study confirm the urgent need to adjust migration policy and reform migration legislation. The scope of application. The results obtained are of interest to specialists in the field of labor market management, as well as those involved in the regulation of external labor migration.

The relevance of the topic. The need to study the existing state system of ensuring employment of the population is due to significant changes in internal and external factors determining the situation on the Russian labor market, and, accordingly, the formation of new priorities and tasks in the field of human resource management. Goal. Description of the main directions of reforming the state employment service, identification of the main problems that arise and approaches to their solution. Methodology. The theoretical research is based on a comparative analysis of statistical data, publications in open sources, expert assessments, and the results of sociological surveys. The methodological basis is axiomatics, interpretation, comparison and generalization, as well as methods of statistical analysis, expert assessments and forecasting. Results and conclusions. The article substantiates the need for the formation of a new mechanism for professional (re) training and market allocation of labor resources to available vacant and new jobs being created, taking into account the needs of the country's economy. This requires testing a new model for the functioning of the working link of the state employment service — the modernized employment center, including the development and implementation of a system for planning and evaluating the performance of departments of the updated state employment service. It is necessary to organize systematic research and scientific and methodological work, primarily in terms of monitoring, forecasting and coordination of the labor market and the vocational education system. Scope of application. The article is of interest to specialists in the field of labor market management, as well as practitioners implementing the reform of the state employment service.

The relevance of the topic. The need to identify problem points in the system of financial incentives for university teachers is due to the deterioration of the structure of the teaching staff and, as a consequence, a decrease in the quality of higher education. Goal. Development of proposals to improve the remuneration system of the teaching staff based on the identification of its «bottlenecks». Methodology. Theoretically, the study is based on a comparative analysis of various theories of remuneration. The methodological basis of its applied part is axiomatics, interpretation, comparison and generalization. The method of statistical analysis is also used in the work. The empirical basis of the study was the results of a sociological survey conducted under the guidance of the authors. Results and conclusions. The article is devoted to the assessment of the existing system of remuneration of university teachers from the point of view of labor productivity and the impact on the quality of education. The motives and priorities of university teachers’ activities are revealed. The authors propose measures to improve the remuneration system of teaching staff and substantiate the need to develop an appropriate model that includes such key elements as the level of wages, the actual intensity of labor, the ratio of qualification levels within professional qualification groups, criteria for labor performance. Scope of application. The article is of interest to specialists in the field of remuneration and labor rationing, as well as practitioners involved in the development of personnel policy of universities.

The article deals with the specifics of competition in the Russian labor market with the participation of foreign labor migrants, as well as the analysis of the characteristics and factors of competitiveness of migrants in comparison with domestic workers.

The situation in the labor market is such that the process of erosion of standard employment, its displacement by non-standard forms has become irreversible and increasingly expanding. Under these conditions, the relevance of studies of various forms of non-standard employment and assessment of their impact on the socio-economic sphere (both positive and negative) increases. The authors believe that support measures need promising new forms of employment, the positive effect of which is not in doubt. These forms include freelance. In the course of the study, the degree of awareness of workers about non-standard forms of employment was determined, the level of remuneration of freelancers was assessed, and priority forms for starting work on the terms of freelancing were identified. The results of the research and generalization of the developments of other authors allowed to form an information base for recommendations on expanding the practice of freelancing.