Vol. 44 No. 1 (2019)

Purpose. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the formation of the institutional environment and identifies the specific trajectories of the socioeconomic development of the Russian Federation and Ukraine under the conditions of transformation processes. Discussion. In order to analyze the specifics of the formation of the institutional environment, in addition to economic such indicators were included: the human development index; index of perception of corruption; index of economic freedom; expected life expectancy of the population; the 10№ 1 (44), 2019 РЕГИОН: системы, экономика, управлениеproportion of the population over 65; the level of suicide of the population; level of looting of the population.For the analysis of social and economic transformations as a result of the transition of the Crimean Republi to the Russian Federation, the processes that took place earlier (1990-2015) and allowed to form an existing environment for the social and economic development of states were investigated.It is established that the socioeconomic transformations in the states with the command and administrative economy as a result of the passage of the first point of bifurcation are characterized by very mixed results. Absolute leader, both in the sphere of economic indicators and indicators of the quality of life of the population, is Estonia, not far behind it, and other Baltic states, far ahead of other countries in many respects.Results. The analysis showed that a comparison of the basic economic indicators of the Russian Federation and Ukraine shows that in both countries a similar economic model has formed, where the main sector of the economy is the service sector, and in general it can be described by the intersectoral scheme «15-25-65». At the same time, the socioeconomic development of the Russian Federation in comparison with Ukraine is not only characterized by higher values of the GDP per capita (PPP) index and the human development index at the end of the analyzed period, but the better dynamics it.

The article considers the activation of the human factor as one of the most important factors for the effective digital transformation of the economy. The features of the effective use and development of human capital in the conditions of digital transformation are considered. The development of human capital at the state and regional level, as well as the implementation of programs for the development of human resources of enterprises, will make it possible to solve the strategic task of the country on a global scale. The article emphasizes that the most efficient use of human capital in the conditions of digital transformation is possible only within the framework of a constant increase in the number of high-performance jobs. The article discusses the concept, conditions for the creation and growth of high-performance jobs, examines domestic and foreign experience in developing and improving the efficiency of using human capital.

Transformational processes of a system of development of national economy are connected with rapid implementation of information and communicative technologies, the innovative development of the industry and the forthcoming transition to digital economy. In this regard understanding of the happening changes by all participants of a system of economic development is required. Authors of article made an attempt to carry out the analysis of opinion of the leading experts who are directly participating in implementation process of the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation program, Development strategy of information society in the Russian Federation for 2017-2030 oriented to development of economy of knowledge in all spheres of social and economic and cultural activity and also the point of view of analysts. In a research the main problems which it is necessary to face at this stage of the innovative development of society are selected. This process of consecutive development will be developed in time, but some of its elements are already implemented into practical activities.Proceeding from a definition entity, «the digital economy» should lead to effective and sustain- able development of national economy. In article the emphasis on carrying out competent domestic and foreign policy and also on use of effective mechanisms of its regulation as these factors sub-stantially affect the positive result of the global project of digitalization of the Russian economy ensuring competitiveness of the country and its safety in the world market is placed

The article deals with the main macroeconomic indicators characterizing the state of the Russian economy such as: gross domestic product, industrial production index, manufacturing index, investment in fixed capital. Retail trade turnover, export and import of goods. The analysis of the considered indicators allowed to draw the following conclusions. There is growth: GDP, industrial production, investment in fixed capital, the share of investment in GDP and Federal budget revenues. The negative dynamics is demonstrated by the volume of exports and imports, labor productivity and the increase in the level of Federal budget expenditures over revenues. The generalized analysis shows that the most favorable year for the Russian economy is 2012. Many indicators, despite their growth, still cannot reach the pre-crisis level.The low efficiency of the Russian economy is primarily due to the global economic crisis, as well as the need to change and not to use the outdated model of economic growth. To solve these problems, it is necessary to implement an import substitution strategy to improve the competitiveness of the country’s economy and increase production.

Purpose. To identify trends in export-import volumes of the regions of the Central black earth macroregion (CBR) in the post-crisis and sanctions periods, to establish the presence (or absence) of critical changes in this area of economic activity since 2014. Discussion. In the scientific and journalistic literature there is an active discussion of the impact of economic sanctions on the volume of foreign trade transactions. The authors understand that these processes are manifested to varying degrees in different regions and areas of economic activity. The appeal to the regions of the CBR is due to the high diversity of foreign economic activity, local- ized in a limited space. Results. Summarizing the results of the analysis of the volume of foreign trade relations of the regions of the CBR showed that in most administrative-territorial entities from 2010 to 2015 there are significant changes in exports and imports. In the post-crisis period (2010 -2011) there was a rapid, but short-term growth in almost all volume indicators. From 2011-2012 began the decline in volumes. Any significant changes in the volume of foreign trade operations in the regions of the Central black earth macroregion in the period 2015-2016. did not happen. Almost all indicators preserved «falling» trend.

In the article using cluster analysis methods the classification of functional tasks of innovative activity management in region. which can serve as a basis of a functional structure construction of control body of innovative Activities of the region. The solution of the proposed integrated complex of tasks is aimed at ensuring efficiency of innovation processes management in the regions.

In modern economic conditions, when our country is faced with serious constraints of socio-economic development, which are both exogenous (increased competition, sanctions restrictions, high volatility of world markets) and endogenous (lack of innovative development of enterprises, high wear and tear of production systems, lack of highly qualified personnel, low productivity, insufficient level of mechanization and automation of production, high cost of credit resources, inefficiency of the organizational system in terms of execution of decisions of the Supreme state Executive bodies). In these circumstances, the mechanisms and instruments of state regulatory management acquire a special role. The study of the state system of management in the aspect of food security of our country. A detailed review of the state and trends in the sphere of organization and management of meat production in the context of normative-legal, financial, economic and administrative decisions taken by the authorities (Federal, regional level) in order to ensure proportional and balanced development.

Factors and components of the investment process of the region are determined. The expediency' analysis of available economic-mathematical tools' application and estimation of investment potential of region is carried out. A complex model for assessing the investment attractiveness of the region is proposed.

The article deals with the transformation of agricultural production in the Central black earth region since 1990 to the modern period. The main objective was to analyze the development of the agricultural sector of the economy and reforms. The analysis revealed the positive aspects of the land reform. During the post-reform period, various forms of ownership of agricultural land, as well as organizational and legal forms of production were considered. Transformational changes in the agricultural sector in the course of modern reform are extremely dual. On the one hand, there are preconditions for a variety of forms of management and increase interest in more efficient work, and on the other hand, negative processes of reproduction and technological structure of production are increasing. The analysis revealed the incompleteness of the transition to the market on the example of certain areas of land and agricultural reforms. Not fully formed institutional (legal) preconditions for the development of market mechanisms in agriculture in the region.

In article an assessment is given to the existing system of support of export-oriented small business in regions of the country within the general model of the state support of small business. Results of the analysis of export activity are given in the region on the example of the Oryol region. The factors constraining and limiting possibilities of development of export by small business entities in regions are defined. On the basis of a research and assessment of the organization of functioning of the regional centers of support of export, the new design approach in activity of data of the centers allowing to intensify export of regional products, to expand a circle of its potential participants due to attraction of bigger number of small business entities, to occupy the most perspective niches in the foreign markets is offered to use. A number of recommendations about support of export in regions of the country offered by authors will allow to increase system effectiveness of state regulation of export activity, to optimize parameters of participation of Russia in the system of world economic communications and also to solve a problem of increase in export of non-oil not power goods that corresponds priority the purposes of development of Russia in the short term.

One of the most important decisions of the current stage of development of the Russian economy is the process of restoring liquidity and solvency of the economy as a whole and its individual elements, especially the banking sector. The liquidity of the commercial Bank ensures uninterrupted sup- ply of financial flows to all branches of the national economy, forms the most significant macroeconomic indicators, increases the financial investments of customers, while meeting the demand for lending and the interests of the Bank’s shareholders, providing certain guarantees directly for the Bank itself. The level of liquidity of the banking sector of the Russian Federation is estimated on the basis of the analysis of the main factors affecting it: changes in cash in circulation in the Russian Federation indicate the frequency of seasonal fluctuations; the levels of cash balances on the government’s accounts are characterized by negative and positive peaks. To assess the liquidity of the banking sector studied and analyzed the following relative indicators: instant, current and long-term liquid- ity. These indicators objectively show the effectiveness of operations and activities of the banking sector. To assess the economic development of the region, the liquidity of the regional commercial Bank PJSC «Kurskprombank» was assessed. The analysis revealed that the banking system in the Russian Federation as a whole, and in the regions in particular, is sufficiently reliable and robust.

The article locates the need to develop and implement a special project management standard that takes into account the specifics of state and municipal management to effectively address the problems of national economic importance, the ability to assess qualifications in the field of project management in government and create conditions for increasing the number of state and municipal employees trained in the subjects of the Russian Federation.

The article deals with the specifics of competition in the Russian labor market with the participation of foreign labor migrants, as well as the analysis of the characteristics and factors of competitiveness of migrants in comparison with domestic workers.

Variety of both domestic and foreign publications are devoted to issues of enhancement a hiring system. A developed set of techniques can improve the efficiency of any system. Experience has shown, however, that it’s almost impossible to develop the hiring system irrelative of organizations specific activities and of being hired employees skills. That determined analysis of given organizations hiring system and development of main enhancements guidelines.This article describes the insurance agents hiring system of Rosgosstrakh LLC, evaluates its effectiveness based on the method of expert assessments and develops enhancements recommenda- tions according posts psychological characteristics.

The article gives the concept of the image of the territory, the analysis of the activities of local governments to form the image of the municipality, as well as proposals to improve the activities of local governments aimed at the formation of a positive image of the territory.

The article analyzes the state of territorial public self-government as an institu- tion of local self-government. The characteristics of the organization and implementation of the territorial public self-government in the Voronezh region is given, and some ways to improve it are suggested.

The article with specific features of organization of passenger routes in Voronezh. It is emphasized that transportation policy of the city is aimed at further development of urban passenger transport. The article comments on he main problems existing in the sphere of private transportation system.

The problem of quality and competitiveness is becoming a key one for Russian enterprises, contributing to the obvious growth of interest in strategic business issues and the problem of quality. The creation and practical use of a product quality management system depends on people, their qualifications and the ability to constantly learn, improve their knowledge and skills, on their real involvement in activities to solve the quality problem. This necessitates a strategy for effective personnel management.

The article deals with topical tasks of increasing innovation activity and the effectiveness of human capital, characteristic of coal companies in the Russian Federation. The definitions of the concepts «innovative activity» and «effectiveness of the human capital of a coal company» are given. The research results reflecting the actual level of innovation activity and the effectiveness of human capital of the leading coal company in Russia are presented. It was concluded that at the present stage of development of the coal industry, it is necessary to increase the innovation activity and the effectiveness of human capital. This will allow to meet the personal and collective needs of staff in the process of innovation.

Objective changes in the external environment of business and toughening competition determine the need to implement representative and convenient methods of assessing their competitiveness in the practice of economic activity of enterprises. They allow to determine the current potential of economic agents and their prospects in the market. Such methods should be objective and practically applicable not only for large, but also for medium and small enterprises, which naturally necessitates the development of a rational and fairly universal methodology for rapid assessment of business competitiveness. The article presents a method of rapid assessment of business competitiveness, built on the basis of a comparative analysis of the financial condition and market position of the economic entity and its main competitors. The method can be used by various economic agents interested in operational and authentic information about their competitive position, which makes it practically applicable for economic entities of various forms and

A particularly relevant direction in the management system of the development of the enterprises and regional market of cellular services is the use of process-oriented approach, which includes the use of the strategy of performance management and cost management. The application of a process-oriented approach gives the possibility to obtain specific performance of the companies of cellular communication, such as offering products and high quality services, competitive advantages, allowing more flexibility to respond to changing internal and external environment. The article presents an algorithm for the development of the concept of management, a model for the development of the regional market of cellular services, which allows to calculate the amount of revenues of the communication industry of the Central black earth region.

The purpose of this article is to determine the main stages of the technology of formation of the passport of diagnoses of the use of production capacity. The article deals with the structure and content of the diagnosis, the scope of the passport diagnoses of the use of production capacity, the classification of organizational reserves to improve the efficiency of the production potential of the organization.

Development of modern mechanisms of managing demanded from subjects of domestic economy of search of new instruments of regulation of their activity and development. Fully it is possible to refer budgeting to number of such tools, focusing attention that «novelty» of this economic tool for domestic practice is relative. If to recognize that budgeting is an option of budget planning becomes obvious that budget planning and its separate elements were applied by the organizations and in the pre-market period of their development. From this it follows that new approaches to use of budgeting as the economic instrument of planning of development of the organization have to lie in the plane of development of new technologies of its practical application.

In article questions are analyzed of legislative regulation of anti-corruption examination of regulations are considered, the main problems of conducting their anti-corruption examination and examination of drafts of legal acts in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation.

The article analyzes strategic policy documents for road safety in the Russian Federation: the Federal Target Program «Improving Road Safety in 2013-2020; “Improving road safety in the Voronezh region for the period 2014-2020; Federal Law of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2013 No. 92-FZ “On Amendments to the Federal Law on Road Safety” and others. According to the results of the study, the need to develop and adjust the regulatory acts governing accident prevention activities in road transport organizations was established. The main directions of improving the regulatory legal regulation in the field of road safety are identified.

The purpose of article is the system interpretation of basic provisions of a complex of the regulating legal documents determining rules, an order and criterion of determination of technology as the best available technology (BAT). Feature of a format of an author’s treatment is the semantic structurization focused on disclosure of contents of requirements imposed to process of reference of technology to a class of the best available technologies. The explication of the factors considered when refining a scope, and algorithm of the choice of technologies is this, criteria and signs of the choice, valuation principles of economic feasibility of implementation of BAT are described. The field of possible application of BAT reducing negative impact on the environment is shown on the example of development platinoid - copper-nickel fields of the Voronezh group.